mycat主从读写分离范例

1.mycat二进制包安装
前提：先安装jdk。

tar -xvf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
cd mycat
mv mycat /opt/

useradd mycat
chown -R mycat:mycat mycat

2.mysql操作
搭建主库环境
省略......

角色 主机IP server_id 
Master    192.168.119.130:3306 62
Slave    192.168.119.130:3307 63

3.修改配置文件


[root@testdb1 conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

<schema name="scott" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dnscott"/> 
<schema name="testdb" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dntestdb"/>

<dataNode name="dnscott" dataHost="node01" database="scott"/>
<dataNode name="dntestdb" dataHost="node01" database="testdb"/>

<dataHost name="node01" maxCon="1000" minCon="50" balance="1" writeType="1" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="0" slaveThreshold="100">
  <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
    <writeHost host="testdb3306" url="192.168.119.130:3306" user="root" password="chengce243">
    <readHost host="testdb3307" url="192.168.119.130:3307" user="root" password="chengce243"/>
  </writeHost>
</dataHost> 
</mycat:schema>

 


(1) 设置 balance="1"与 writeType="0"
Balance参数设置：
1. balance=“0”, 所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance=“1”，所有读操作都随机的发送到readHost。
3. balance=“2”，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发
WriteType参数设置：
1. writeType=“0”, 所有写操作都发送到可用的writeHost上。
2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到readHost。
3. writeType=“2”，所有写操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost分上发。
“readHost是从属于writeHost的，即意味着它从那个writeHost获取同步数据，因此，当它所属的writeHost宕机了，则它也不会再参与到读写分离中来，即“不工作了”，这是因为此时，它的数据已经“不可靠”了。基于这个考虑，目前mycat 1.3和1.4版本中，若想支持MySQL一主一从的标准配置，并且在主节点宕机的情况下，从节点还能读取数据，则需要在Mycat里配置为两个writeHost并设置banlance=1。”

(2) 设置 switchType="2" 与slaveThreshold="100"
“Mycat心跳检查语句配置为 show slave status ，dataHost 上定义两个新属性： switchType="2" 与slaveThreshold="100"，此时意味着开启MySQL主从复制状态绑定的读写分离与切换机制。Mycat心跳机制通过检测 show slave status 中的 "Seconds_Behind_Master", "Slave_IO_Running", "Slave_SQL_Running" 三个字段来确定当前主从同步的状态以及Seconds_Behind_Master主从复制时延。“
 

 

[root@testdb1 conf]# cat server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->

<property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
<property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property> <!-- 子查询中存在关联查询的情况下,检查关联字段中是否有分片字段 .默认 false -->
<!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
<!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
<!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
<!--
<property name="processors">1</property>
<property name="processorExecutor">32</property>
-->
<!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena | type 2 NettyBufferPool -->
<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
<!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
<!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
<!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
<!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
<!--
<property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
<!--分布式事务开关，0为不过滤分布式事务，1为过滤分布式事务（如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表，则不过滤），2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>

<!--
off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1开启 0关闭
-->
<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>

<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>

<!--
单位为k
-->
<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>

<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>

<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>


<!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 -->
<property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>

<!-- XA Recovery Log日志路径 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseDir">./</property>-->

<!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
<!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->

</system>

<!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
<!--白名单可以使用通配符%或着*-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.0.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="127.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--例如<host host="1*7.*" user="root"/>-->
<!--这些配置情况下对于127.0.0.1都能以root账户登录-->
<!--
<firewall>
<whitehost>
<host host="1*7.0.0.*" user="root"/>
</whitehost>
<blacklist check="false">
</blacklist>
</firewall>
-->

<user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
<property name="password">chengce243</property>
<property name="schemas">scott,testdb</property>

<!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
</user>

<user name="user">
<property name="password">user</property>
<property name="schemas">scott,testdb</property>
<property name="readOnly">false</property>
</user>

</mycat:server>

 

 

[root@testdb1 conf]# cat rule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
    may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
    License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
    under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <tableRule name="rule1">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="rule2">
        <rule>
            <columns>user_id</columns>
            <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
        <rule>
            <columns>sharding_id</columns>
            <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="mod-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            
            
            <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-murmur">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>murmur</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="crc32slot">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>crc32slot</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-month">
        <rule>
            <columns>create_time</columns>
            <algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="latest-month-calldate">
        <rule>
            <columns>calldate</columns>
            <algorithm>latestMonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    
    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-rang-mod">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    
    <tableRule name="jch">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <function name="murmur"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
        <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
        <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
        <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点，默认是160倍，也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
        <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重，没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写，以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key，以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数，否则以1代替 -->
        <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property>
            用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况，如果指定了这个属性，会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件，没有默认值，如果不指定，就不会输出任何东西 -->
    </function>

    <function name="crc32slot"
              class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
        <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
    </function>
    <function name="hash-int"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
        <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="rang-long"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
        <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
        <!-- how many data nodes -->
        <property name="count">10</property>
    </function>

    <function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
        <property name="partitionCount">8</property>
        <property name="partitionLength">128</property>
    </function>
    <function name="latestMonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
        <property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
    </function>
    <function name="partbymonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
        <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
        <property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
    </function>
    
    <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
            <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
    </function>
    
    <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
        <property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
    </function>
</mycat:rule>

 


4.启动mycat
cd /opt/mycat/bin
./mycat start &

查看mycat状态：
./mycat status
Mycat-server is running (1656).

如果是running则是正常，若不是runing状态，则需要看log日志排查原因，一般都是配置文件配置错误导致。


5.查询

[root@testdb1 ~]# mysql -uuser -puser -h192.168.119.130 -P8066 -A


分别测试下它们是否能读、写数据
[root@testdb1 ~]# mysql -uuser -puser -h192.168.119.130 -P8066 -e "select @@server_id"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 63 |
+-------------+


读操作已经路由给读组，再看看写操作。这里以事务持久化进行测试。
[root@testdb1 ~]# mysql -uuser -puser -h192.168.119.130 -P8066 -e '
start transaction;
select @@server_id;
commit;
select @@server_id;'

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 62 |
+-------------+
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 63 |
+-------------+