BeautifulSoup
BeautifulSoup是一个模块,该模块用于接收一个HTML或XML字符串,然后将其进行格式化,之后遍可以使用他提供的方法进行快速查找指定元素,从而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素变得简单
1、安装:
pip3 install beautifulsoup4 pip install lxml # python2.x
2、简单使用:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html_doc = """ <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> <body> asdf <div class="title"> <b>The Dormouse's story总共</b> <h1>f</h1> </div> <div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div> ad<br/>sf <p class="story">...</p> </body> </html> """ # soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml") soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="html.parser") # 等同于上面 # 找到第一个a标签 tag1 = soup.find(name='a') # 找到所有的a标签 tag2 = soup.find_all(name='a') # 找到id=link2的标签 tag3 = soup.select('#link2') print(tag1) print(tag2) print(tag3) # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a> # [<a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>]
3、标签方法:
① name标签名称
# name tag = soup.find('a') # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a> name = tag.name # 获取 print(name) # a tag.name = 'span' # 设置 替换第一个a标签为span标签 print(soup)
② attrs标签属性
# attrs tag = soup.find('a') # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a> attrs = tag.attrs # 获取 print(attrs) # {'class': ['sister0'], 'id': 'link1'} tag.attrs = {'ik':123} # 设置属性 tag.attrs['id'] = 'iiiii' # 更改id print(soup)
③ children所有子标签
# 子标签,只是获取儿子 tag = soup.find('a') # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a> v = tag.children print(v) # <list_iterator object at 0x02E71230> for i in v: print(i) # Els # <span>f</span> # ie
④ descendants子子孙孙标签
# 获得子子孙孙 body = soup.find('body') v = body.descendants print(v) for i in v: print(i)
⑤ clear将标签的所有子标签全部清空(保留标签名)
# 清空表签内容 tag = soup.find('body') tag.clear() print(soup) # <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> # <body></body> # </html>
⑥ decompose,递归的删除所有的标签
# 递归的删除所有的标签 body = soup.find('body') body.decompose() print(soup) # <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> # # </html>
⑦ extract递归的删除所有的标签,并获取删除的标签
# 递归的删除所有的标签,并获取删除的标签 body = soup.find('body') v = body.extract() print(soup) # <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> # # </html> print(v,type(v)) # <body> # asdf # <div class="title"> # <b>The Dormouse's story总共</b> # <h1>f</h1> # </div> # <div id="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> and # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>; # and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div> # ad<br/>sf # <p class="story">...</p> # </body> <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>
⑧ decode转换为字符串(含当前标签);decode_contents(不含当前标签)
# 转换为字符串 tag = soup.find('a') v1 = tag.decode() print(v1) v2 = tag.decode_contents() print(v2) # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a> # Els<span>f</span>ie
⑨ find获取匹配的第一个标签
# find使用 tag = soup.find('a') print(tag) # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a> tag = soup.find(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie') # recursive子子孙孙中去找 print(tag) # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a> tag = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie') print(tag) # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>
⑩ find_all获取匹配的所有标签
####### 单标签 ####### tags = soup.find_all('a') print(tags) # [<a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] tags = soup.find_all('a',limit=1) print(tags) # [<a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>] tags = soup.find_all(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie') print(tags) # [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>] ####### 列表 ####### v = soup.find_all(name=['a','div']) # 获取所有的a标签和div标签,列表形式 print(v) v = soup.find_all(class_=['sister0', 'sister']) # 所有class是sister0和sister的标签 print(v) # [<a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] v = soup.find_all(text=['Tillie']) # 获取到匹配的内容非标签 print(v, type(v[0])) # ['Tillie'] <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'> v = soup.find_all(id=['link1','link2']) # 获取多个id print(v) # [<a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>] v = soup.find_all(href=['link1','link2']) # 获取多个href print(v) # [] # ####### 正则 ####### import re rep = re.compile('p') rep = re.compile('^p') v = soup.find_all(name=rep) print(v) rep = re.compile('sister.*') v = soup.find_all(class_=rep) print(v) rep = re.compile('http://www.oldboy.com/static/.*') v = soup.find_all(href=rep) print(v) ####### 方法筛选 ####### def func(tag): return tag.has_attr('class') and tag.has_attr('id') v = soup.find_all(name=func) print(v) # [<a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, # <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] ## get,获取标签属性 tag = soup.find('a') v = tag.get('id') print(v) # link1
⑪ has_attr检查标签是否具有该属性
# 标签是否具有该属性 tag = soup.find('a') v = tag.has_attr('id') print(v) # True
⑫ get_text获取标签内部文本内容
# 获取标签内部文本内容 tag = soup.find('a') # <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a> v = tag.get_text('##') # 以##进行分割 print(v) # Els##f##ie
⑬ index检查标签在某标签中的索引位置
# 获取标签所在的索引,从0开始 tag = soup.find('body') v = tag.index(tag.find('div')) print(v) # 1 tag = soup.find('body') for i,v in enumerate(tag): print(i,v)
⑭ is_empty_element,是否是空标签(是否可以是空)或者自闭合标签, 判断是否是如下标签:'br' , 'hr', 'input', 'img', 'meta','spacer', 'link', 'frame', 'base'
# 是否是空标签 tag = soup.find('br') v = tag.is_empty_element print(v) # True
⑮ 当前的关联标签
soup.next soup.next_element soup.next_elements soup.next_sibling soup.next_siblings tag.previous tag.previous_element tag.previous_elements tag.previous_sibling tag.previous_siblings tag.parent tag.parents
⑯ 查找某标签的关联标签
tag.find_next(...) tag.find_all_next(...) tag.find_next_sibling(...) tag.find_next_siblings(...) tag.find_previous(...) tag.find_all_previous(...) tag.find_previous_sibling(...) tag.find_previous_siblings(...) tag.find_parent(...) tag.find_parents(...) 参数同find_all
⑰ elect,select_one, CSS选择器
soup.select("title") soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)") soup.select("body a") soup.select("html head title") tag = soup.select("span,a") soup.select("head > title") soup.select("p > a") soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)") soup.select("p > #link1") soup.select("body > a") soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister") soup.select("#link1 + .sister") soup.select(".sister") soup.select("[class~=sister]") soup.select("#link1") soup.select("a#link2") soup.select('a[href]') soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]') soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]') soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]') from bs4.element import Tag def default_candidate_generator(tag): for child in tag.descendants: if not isinstance(child, Tag): continue if not child.has_attr('href'): continue yield child tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator) print(type(tags), tags) from bs4.element import Tag def default_candidate_generator(tag): for child in tag.descendants: if not isinstance(child, Tag): continue if not child.has_attr('href'): continue yield child tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator, limit=1) print(type(tags), tags)
⑱ 标签的内容
tag = soup.find('span') print(tag.string) # 获取 tag.string = 'new content' # 设置 print(soup) tag = soup.find('body') print(tag.string) tag.string = 'xxx' print(soup) tag = soup.find('body') v = tag.stripped_strings # 递归内部获取所有标签的文本 print(v)
⑲ append在当前标签内部追加一个标签
tag = soup.find('body') v = tag.stripped_strings # 递归内部获取所有标签的文本 print(v) tag = soup.find('body') tag.append(soup.find('a')) print(soup) from bs4.element import Tag obj = Tag(name='i',attrs={'id': 'it'}) obj.string = '我是一个新来的' tag = soup.find('body') tag.append(obj) print(soup)
⑳ insert在当前标签内部指定位置插入一个标签
from bs4.element import Tag obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'}) obj.string = '我是一个新来的' tag = soup.find('body') tag.insert(2, obj) print(soup)
㉑ insert_after,insert_before 在当前标签后面或前面插入
from bs4.element import Tag obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'}) obj.string = '我是一个新来的' tag = soup.find('body') # tag.insert_before(obj) tag.insert_after(obj) print(soup)
㉒ replace_with 在当前标签替换为指定标签
from bs4.element import Tag obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'}) obj.string = '我是一个新来的' tag = soup.find('div') tag.replace_with(obj) print(soup)
㉓ 创建标签之间的关系
tag = soup.find('div') a = soup.find('a') tag.setup(previous_sibling=a) print(tag.previous_sibling)
㉔ wrap将指定标签把当前标签包裹起来
from bs4.element import Tag obj1 = Tag(name='div', attrs={'id': 'it'}) obj1.string = '我是一个新来的' tag = soup.find('a') v = tag.wrap(obj1) print(soup) tag = soup.find('a') v = tag.wrap(soup.find('p')) print(soup)
㉕ unwrap,去掉当前标签,将保留其包裹的标签
tag = soup.find('a') v = tag.unwrap() print(soup)