//示例代码:
CStringArray g_ArrString;
UINT __cdecl ThreadProc(LPVOID lpParameter)
{
int startIdx = (int)lpParameter;
for (int idx = startIdx; idx < startIdx+100; ++idx) {
CString str;
str.Format(_T("%d"), idx);
g_ArrString.Add(str);
}
return 0;
}
void CThreadTestDlg::OnBnClickedBtn()
{
for (int idx = 1; idx <= 50; ++idx) {
AfxBeginThread(ThreadProc, (LPVOID)(idx*10));
}
}
void CThreadTestDlg::OnBnClickedPrintBtn()
{
CString strCount;
INT_PTR nCount = g_ArrString.GetCount();
strCount.Format(_T("%d"), nCount);
MessageBox(strCount);
for (INT_PTR idx = 0; idx < nCount; ++idx) {
OutputDebugString(g_ArrString.GetAt(idx));
}
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
①、Mutex(互斥器)
使用方法:
1、创建一个互斥器:CreateMutex;
2、打开一个已经存在的互斥器:OpenMutex;
3、获得互斥器的拥有权:WaitForSingleObject、WaitForMultipleObjects 等一类等待的函数……(可能造成阻塞);
4、释放互斥器的拥有权:ReleaseMutex;
5、关闭互斥器:CloseHandle;
HANDLE ghMutex = NULL;
CStringArray g_ArrString;
UINT __cdecl ThreadProc(LPVOID lpParameter)
{
int startIdx = (int)lpParameter;
for (int idx = startIdx; idx < startIdx+100; ++idx) {
CString str;
str.Format(_T("%d"), idx);
DWORD dwWaitResult = WaitForSingleObject(ghMutex, INFINITE);
switch (dwWaitResult)
{
case WAIT_ABANDONED:
case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
g_ArrString.Add(str);
ReleaseMutex(ghMutex);
break;
}
//g_ArrString.Add(str);
}
return 0;
}
void CThreadTestDlg::OnBnClickedBtn()
{
ghMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
for (int idx = 1; idx <= 50; ++idx) {
AfxBeginThread(ThreadProc, (LPVOID)(idx*10));
}
}
void CThreadTestDlg::OnBnClickedPrintBtn()
{
CString strCount;
INT_PTR nCount = g_ArrString.GetCount();
strCount.Format(_T("%d"), nCount);
MessageBox(strCount);
for (INT_PTR idx = 0; idx < nCount; ++idx) {
OutputDebugString(g_ArrString.GetAt(idx));
}
CloseHandle(ghMutex);
}
※ 命名标准:Mutex 可以跨进程使用,所以其名称对整个系统而言是全局的,所以命名不要过于普通,类似:Mutex、Object 等。
最好想一些独一无二的名字等!
固有特点(优点+缺点):
1、是一个系统核心对象,所以有安全描述指针,用完了要 CloseHandle 关闭句柄,这些是内核对象的共同特征;
2、因为是核心对象,所以执行速度会比 Critical Sections 慢几乎100倍的时间(当然只是相比较而言);
3、因为是核心对象,而且可以命名,所以可以跨进程使用;
4、Mutex 使用正确的情况下不会发生死锁;
5、在“等待”一个 Mutex 的时候,可以指定“结束等待”的时间长度;
6、可以检测到当前拥有互斥器所有权的线程是否已经退出!Wait……函数会返回:WAIT_ABANDONED
===================================================
②、Semaphores(信号量)
租车例子的比喻很恰当!
使用方法:
1、创建一个信号量:CreateSemaphore;
2、打开一个已经存在的信号量:OpenSemaphore;
3、获得信号量的一个占有权:WaitForSingleObject、WaitForMultipleObjects 等一类等待的函数……(可能造成阻塞);
4、释放信号量的占有权:ReleaseSemaphore;
5、关闭信号量:CloseHandle;
HANDLE ghSemaphore = NULL;
UINT __cdecl ThreadProc(LPVOID lpParameter)
{
int startIdx = (int)lpParameter;
CString strOut;
while(TRUE) {
DWORD dwWaitResult = WaitForSingleObject(ghSemaphore, 0);
switch (dwWaitResult)
{
case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
strOut.Format(_T("Thread %d: wait succeeded !"), GetCurrentThreadId());
OutputDebugString(strOut);
ReleaseSemaphore(ghSemaphore, 1, NULL);
break;
case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
strOut.Format(_T("Thread %d: wait timed out !"), GetCurrentThreadId());
OutputDebugString(strOut);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
void CThreadTestDlg::OnBnClickedBtn()
{
ghSemaphore = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 10, 10, NULL);
for (int idx = 1; idx <= 20; ++idx) {
AfxBeginThread(ThreadProc, (LPVOID)(idx*10));
}
}
void CThreadTestDlg::OnBnClickedPrintBtn()
{
CloseHandle(ghSemaphore);
}
※ 命名标准:Semaphores 可以跨进程使用,所以其名称对整个系统而言是全局的,所以命名不要过于普通,类似:Semaphore、Object 等。
最好想一些独一无二的名字等!
固有特点(优点+缺点):
1、是一个系统核心对象,所以有安全描述指针,用完了要 CloseHandle 关闭句柄,这些是内核对象的共同特征;
2、因为是核心对象,所以执行速度稍慢(当然只是相比较而言);
3、因为是核心对象,而且可以命名,所以可以跨进程使用;
4、Semaphore 使用正确的情况下不会发生死锁;
5、在“等待”一个 信号量 的时候,可以指定“结束等待”的时间长度;
6、非排他性的占有,跟 Critical Sections 和 Mutex 不同,这两种而言是排他性占有,
即:同一时间内只能有单一线程获得目标并拥有操作的权利,而 Semaphores 则不是这样,
同一时间内可以有多个线程获得目标并操作!
所以,这里面问大家一个问题,如果还是用信号量的方式去做之前向 CStringArray 中添加节点的同步可以吗?
===================================================
③、Event Objects(事件)
Event 方式是最具弹性的同步机制,因为他的状态完全由你去决定,不会像 Mutex 和 Semaphores 的状态会由类似:
WaitForSingleObject 一类的函数的调用而改变,所以你可以精确的告诉 Event 对象该做什么事?以及什么时候去做!
使用方法:
1、创建一个事件对象:CreateEvent;
2、打开一个已经存在的事件对象:OpenEvent;
3、获得事件的占有权:WaitForSingleObject 等函数(可能造成阻塞);
4、释放事件的占有权(设置为激发(有信号)状态,以让其他等待中的线程苏醒):SetEvent;
5、手动置为非激发(无信号)状态:ResetEvent
6、关闭事件对象句柄:CloseHandle;
固有特点(优点+缺点):
1、是一个系统核心对象,所以有安全描述指针,用完了要 CloseHandle 关闭句柄,这些是内核对象的共同特征;
2、因为是核心对象,所以执行速度稍慢(当然只是相比较而言);
3、因为是核心对象,而且可以命名,所以可以跨进程使用;
4、通常被用于 overlapped I/O 或被用来设计某些自定义的同步对象。
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define THREADCOUNT 4
HANDLE ghGlobalWriteEvent;
HANDLE ghReadEvents[THREADCOUNT];
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc(LPVOID);
void CreateEventsAndThreads(void)
{
HANDLE hThread;
DWORD i, dwThreadID;
// Create a manual-reset event object. The master thread sets
// this to nonsignaled when it writes to the shared buffer.
ghGlobalWriteEvent = CreateEvent(
NULL, // default security attributes
TRUE, // manual-reset event
TRUE, // initial state is signaled
TEXT("WriteEvent") // object name
);
if (ghGlobalWriteEvent == NULL)
{
printf("CreateEvent failed (%d)
", GetLastError());
return;
}
else if ( GetLastError() == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS )
{
printf("Named event already exists.
");
return;
}
// Create multiple threads and an auto-reset event object
// for each thread. Each thread sets its event object to
// signaled when it is not reading from the shared buffer.
for(i = 0; i < THREADCOUNT; i++)
{
// Create the auto-reset event
ghReadEvents[i] = CreateEvent(
NULL, // no security attributes
FALSE, // auto-reset event
TRUE, // initial state is signaled
NULL); // object not named
if (ghReadEvents[i] == NULL)
{
printf("CreateEvent failed (%d)
", GetLastError());
return;
}
hThread = CreateThread(NULL,
0,
ThreadProc,
&ghReadEvents[i], // pass event handle
0,
&dwThreadID);
if (hThread == NULL)
{
printf("CreateThread failed (%d)
", GetLastError());
return;
}
}
}
void WriteToBuffer(VOID)
{
DWORD dwWaitResult, i;
// Reset ghGlobalWriteEvent to nonsignaled, to block readers
if (! ResetEvent(ghGlobalWriteEvent) )
{
printf("ResetEvent failed (%d)
", GetLastError());
return;
}
// Wait for all reading threads to finish reading
dwWaitResult = WaitForMultipleObjects(
THREADCOUNT, // number of handles in array
ghReadEvents, // array of read-event handles
TRUE, // wait until all are signaled
INFINITE); // indefinite wait
switch (dwWaitResult)
{
// All read-event objects were signaled
case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
// TODO: Write to the shared buffer
printf("Main thread writing to the shared buffer...
");
break;
// An error occurred
default:
printf("Wait error: %d
", GetLastError());
ExitProcess(0);
}
// Set ghGlobalWriteEvent to signaled
if (! SetEvent(ghGlobalWriteEvent) )
{
printf("SetEvent failed (%d)
", GetLastError());
ExitProcess(0);
}
// Set all read events to signaled
for(i = 0; i < THREADCOUNT; i++)
if (! SetEvent(ghReadEvents[i]) )
{
printf("SetEvent failed (%d)
", GetLastError());
return;
}
}
void CloseEvents()
{
int i;
for( i=0; i < THREADCOUNT; i++ )
CloseHandle(ghReadEvents[i]);
CloseHandle(ghGlobalWriteEvent);
}
void main()
{
int i;
// TODO: Create the shared buffer
// Create the events and THREADCOUNT threads to read from the buffer
CreateEventsAndThreads();
// Write to the buffer three times, just for test purposes
for(i=0; i < 3; i++)
WriteToBuffer();
// Close the events
CloseEvents();
}
DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
DWORD dwWaitResult;
HANDLE hEvents[2];
hEvents[0] = *(HANDLE*)lpParam; // thread's read event
hEvents[1] = ghGlobalWriteEvent; // global write event
dwWaitResult = WaitForMultipleObjects(
2, // number of handles in array
hEvents, // array of event handles
TRUE, // wait till all are signaled
INFINITE); // indefinite wait
switch (dwWaitResult)
{
// Both event objects were signaled
case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
// TODO: Read from the shared buffer
printf("Thread %d reading from buffer...
",
GetCurrentThreadId());
break;
// An error occurred
default:
printf("Wait error: %d
", GetLastError());
ExitThread(0);
}
// Set the read event to signaled
if (! SetEvent(hEvents[0]) )
{
printf("SetEvent failed (%d)
", GetLastError());
ExitThread(0);
}
return 1;
}
===================================================
※※※ 小作业:
MFC中同样对 Mutex、Semaphores、Event 进行了封装,所以尝试使用 CMutex、CSemaphore、CEvent 等类进行线程间的同步将更为方便!
------------------------------------- End -------------------------------------------