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  • C#设计模式系列:组合模式(Composite)

    1、组合模式简介

    1.1>、定义

      组合模式主要用来处理一类具有“容器特征”的对象——即它们在充当对象的同时,又可以作为容器包含其他多个对象。

    1.2>、使用频率

       中高

    2、组合模式结构图

    2.1>、结构图

    2.2>、参与者

      组合模式参与者:

      ◊ Component

        ° 声明组合中对象的接口;

        ° 实现全部类中公共接口的默认行为;

        ° 声明访问和管理子类的接口;

        ° (可选择)定义接口提供在递归结构中访问父类。

      ◊ Leaf

        ° 表示在组合对象中叶子节点对象,没有子节点;

        ° 定义组合对象中的初始行为。

      ◊ Composite

        ° 定义Component子类的行为;

        ° 保存Component子类;

        ° 实现Component接口的子类关联操作。

      ◊ Client

        ° 通过Component接口组合多个对象。

    3、组合模式结构实现

      Component.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
    {
        public abstract class Component
        {
            protected string _name;
    
            public Component(string name)
            {
                this._name = name;
            }
    
            public abstract void Add(Component c);
    
            public abstract void Remove(Component c);
    
            public abstract void Display(int depth);
        }
    }

      Leaf.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
    {
        public class Leaf : Component
        {
            public Leaf(string name)
                : base(name)
            {
            }
    
            public override void Add(Component c)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Cannot add to a leaf");
            }
    
            public override void Remove(Component c)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Cannot remove from a leaf");
            }
    
            public override void Display(int depth)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + _name);
            }
        }
    }

      Composite.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
    {
        public class Composite : Component
        {
            private List<Component> _children = new List<Component>();
    
            public Composite(string name)
                : base(name)
            {
            }
    
            public override void Add(Component component)
            {
                _children.Add(component);
            }
    
            public override void Remove(Component component)
            {
                _children.Remove(component);
            }
    
            public override void Display(int depth)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + _name);
    
                foreach (Component component in _children)
                {
                    component.Display(depth + 2);
                }
            }
        }
    }

      Client.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Structural
    {
        public class Client
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                // Create a tree structure
                Composite root = new Composite("root");
                root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
                root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));
    
                Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");
                comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
                comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));
    
                root.Add(comp);
                root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));
    
                // Add and remove a leaf
                Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");
                root.Add(leaf);
                root.Remove(leaf);
    
                // Recursively display tree
                root.Display(1);
            }
        }
    }

      运行结果:

    -root
    ---Leaf A
    ---Leaf B
    ---Composite X
    -----Leaf XA
    -----Leaf XB
    ---Leaf C
    请按任意键继续. . .

    4、组合模式实践应用

      Shape.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
    {
        public abstract class Shape
        {
            protected string _name;
    
            public Shape(string name)
            {
                this._name = name;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 面积
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public abstract double Area();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 显示
            /// </summary>
            public abstract void Display();
        }
    }

      Circle.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 圆形
        /// </summary>
        public class Circle : Shape
        {
            private double _radius;
    
            public Circle(string name, double radius)
                : base(name)
            {
                this._radius = radius;
            }
    
            public override double Area()
            {
                return Math.Round(Math.PI * _radius * _radius, 2);
            }
    
            public override void Display()
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} 半径:{1},面积:{2}", _name, _radius, this.Area());
            }
        }
    }

      Rectangle.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 矩形
        /// </summary>
        public class Rectangle : Shape
        {
            private double _width;
            private double _height;
    
            public Rectangle(string name, double width, double height)
                : base(name)
            {
                this._width = width;
                this._height = height;
            }
    
            public override double Area()
            {
                return _width * _height;
            }
    
            public override void Display()
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} 长:{1},宽:{2},面积:{3}", _name, _width, _height, this.Area());
            }
        }
    }

      Triangle.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 三角形
        /// </summary>
        public class Triangle : Shape
        {
            private double _a;
            private double _b;
            private double _c;
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 三角形构造函数
            /// 参数:三角形名称和三条边长
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="name">三角形名称</param>
            /// <param name="a">第一条边长</param>
            /// <param name="b">第二条边长</param>
            /// <param name="c">第三条边长</param>
            public Triangle(string name, double a, double b, double c)
                : base(name)
            {
                _a = a;
                _b = b;
                _c = c;
            }
    
            public override double Area()
            {
                double p = (_a + _b + _c) / 2;
                return Math.Sqrt(p * (p - _a) * (p - _b) * (p - _c));
            }
    
            public override void Display()
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} 三条边长:{1},{2},{3},面积:{3}", _name, _a, _b, _c, this.Area());
            }
        }
    }

      Graphics.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
    {
        public class Graphics : Shape
        {
            private List<Shape> _children = new List<Shape>();
    
            public Graphics(string name)
                : base(name)
            { }
    
            public override double Area()
            {
                double sum = 0;
                foreach (Shape child in _children)
                {
                    sum += child.Area();
                }
                return sum;
            }
    
            public override void Display()
            {
                foreach (Shape child in _children)
                {
                    child.Display();
                }
    
                Console.WriteLine("{0} 总面积:{1}", _name, this.Area());
            }
    
            public void Add(Shape child)
            {
                _children.Add(child);
            }
    
            public void Remove(Shape child)
            {
                _children.Remove(child);
            }
        }
    }

      Client.cs:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    
    namespace DesignPatterns.CompositePattern.Practical
    {
        public class Client
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                Graphics graphics = new Graphics("全部图形");
    
                Circle circle = new Circle("圆形", 5);
                graphics.Add(circle);
    
                Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle("矩形", 4, 5);
                graphics.Add(rectangle);
    
                Triangle triangle = new Triangle("三角形", 3, 4, 5);
                graphics.Add(triangle);
    
                graphics.Display();
            }
        }
    }

      运行结果:

    圆形 半径:5,面积:78.54
    矩形 长:4,宽:5,面积:20
    三角形 三条边长:345,面积:5
    全部图形 总面积:104.54
    请按任意键继续. . .

    5、组合模式应用分析

      组合模式可以适用以下情形:

      ◊ 希望把对象表示成部分—整体层次结构;

      ◊ 希望用户忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同,用户将统一地使用组合结构中所有对象。

      组合模式具有以下特点:

      ◊ 定义了包含基本对象和组合对象的类层次结构。基本对象可以被组合成更复杂的组合对象,而这个组合对象又可以被组合,不断的递归下去。客户代码中,任何用到基本对象的地方都可以使用组合对象;

      ◊ 简化客户代码。客户可以一致地使用组合结构和单个对象。这样用户就不必关心处理的是一个叶子节点还是一个组合组件,从而简化了客户代码;

      ◊ 使得新增类型的组件更加容易。新定义的Composite或Leaf子类自动地与已有的结构和客户代码一起协同工作,客户程序不需因新的Component类而改变。

    6、参考资料

    http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternComposite.aspx

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/libingql/p/3496345.html
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