敲写的书上的代码，是在web.xml里添加了
<display-name>first Struts 2 Project</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
启动服务器出现的错误：
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/lang/StringUtils
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlHelper.getLoadOrder(XmlHelper.java:117)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider$1.compare(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:928)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider$1.compare(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:926)
at java.util.Arrays.mergeSort(Arrays.java:1270)
at java.util.Arrays.sort(Arrays.java:1210)
at java.util.Collections.sort(Collections.java:159)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadConfigurationFiles(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:926)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadDocuments(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:154)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.init(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:121)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:179)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:66)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:371)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:415)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3709)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4356)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:924)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:887)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1147)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1360)
at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1206)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:320)
... 41 more
2013-7-4 16:35:36 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
解决方法：
如果不先配置web.xml的话，服务器启动不出现错误，但是页面会出错：
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet jsp threw exception
The Struts dispatcher cannot be found. This is usually caused by using Struts tags without the associated filter. Struts tags are only usable when the request has passed through its servlet filter, which initializes the Struts dispatcher needed for this tag. - [unknown location]
at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.TagUtils.getStack(TagUtils.java:60)
at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.StrutsBodyTagSupport.getStack(StrutsBodyTagSupport.java:44)
at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doStartTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:48)
at org.apache.jsp.login_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fform_005f0(login_jsp.java:132)
at org.apache.jsp.login_jsp._jspService(login_jsp.java:101)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:337)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:844)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
解决方法是：
导入过
commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
freemarker-2.3.13.jar
ognl-2.6.11.jar
struts2-core-2.1.6.jar
xwork-2.1.2.jar
javassist-3.7.ga.jar
commons-io.1.3.2.jar
commons-lang.2.1.jar
struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar这些包之后出现的错误是：
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/Pdemo1/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:360)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:403)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3709)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4356)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:924)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:887)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1147)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type: class:com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory - bean - jar:file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/Pdemo1/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:222)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:165)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
... 30 more
Caused by: Bean type class com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory with the name xwork has already been loaded by bean - jar:file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/Pdemo1/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.6.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72 - bean - jar:file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/Pdemo1/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.2.1.jar!/struts-default.xml:29:72
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:206)
... 33 more
2013-7-5 9:37:20 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2013-7-5 9:37:20 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/Pdemo1] startup failed due to previous errors
解决方法：
正在做的项目没有修改什么东西，只是新添加了一个书上的例子运行成功后，删除了另一个工作空间的一些包，认为没有什么影响，结果再重新运行项目的时候就报了如下错误：
ERROR org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher - Dispatcher initialization failed
Unable to load configuration. - package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-person.xml:7:23
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:69)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:380)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:424)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:195)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3709)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4356)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:924)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:887)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1147)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: The package name 'person' at location package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-person.xml:7:23 is already been used by another package at location package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-default.xml:61:23 - package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-person.xml:7:23
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.addPackageConfig(DefaultConfiguration.java:124)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:486)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:275)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:204)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:66)
... 30 more
2013-7-8 15:25:23 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart
严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-person.xml:7:23
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:437)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:195)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3709)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4356)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:525)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:924)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:887)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1147)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:719)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-person.xml:7:23
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:69)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:380)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:424)
... 28 more
Caused by: The package name 'person' at location package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-person.xml:7:23 is already been used by another package at location package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-default.xml:61:23 - package - file:/D:/tools/apache-tomcat-6.0.16/webapps/bcims/WEB-INF/classes/config/struts2/struts-person.xml:7:23
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.addPackageConfig(DefaultConfiguration.java:124)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:486)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:275)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:204)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:66)
... 30 more
2013-7-8 15:25:23 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2013-7-8 15:25:23 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/bcims] startup failed due to previous errors
2013-7-8 15:25:23 org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
解决方法：
注销了struts-default.xml里的
<!--
<package name="person" extends="struts-default,globalResult,globalException"
namespace="/person">
<action name="receivedsmsinfo" class="receivedsmsinfoAction" />
<action name="packagestype" class="packagesTypeAction" />
</package>
-->
还有把struts-person.xml里的
<!--
<param name="allowedTypes">application/zip,application/x-zip-compressed,application /rar,application/octet-stream</param>
-->
改成了
<param name="allowedTypes">application/octet-stream</param>
后遇到的问题是：进入页面dao里的sql语句没有打印出来，该该显示出来的一条数据也没有显示出来。
做法是用if语句判断了一下我定义的数组不为空时执行我所要的操作，但是问题又出来了，在sql语句
SELECT T.GROUP_CD, COUNT(1) COUNT, SUM(T1.PAY_MONEY) SUM_MONEY
FROM B_M_GROUP T, PAY_AIR T1
WHERE 1 = 1
AND T.GROUP_CD IN (G_2,G_111,G_112,G_113,G_1,G_100,G_101,G_21,G_22,G_23,G_24,G_25,G_3,G_35,G_36,G_37,G_38,G_39,G_40,G_41,G_51,G_52,G_53,G_57,G_58,G_61,G_62,G_63,G_65,G_66,G_67,G_68,G_69,G_70,G_71,G_72,G_73,G_93,G_94,G_95,G_96,G_97,G_98,G_99,root)
AND TO_CHAR(T1.RECEIVE_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD') >= '2000-01-01'
AND TO_CHAR(T1.RECEIVE_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD') <= '2013-07-08'
AND T.WORKER_ID = T1.WORKER_ID
AND STATUS = 2
GROUP BY T.GROUP_CD
中总是出现IN后面的东西有一个G_x为无效标识符。
解决方法是：给每一个G_x加一个单引号（''）
还有问题，根据三个条件查询的时候本来应该出现的一条数据却显示不出来，在数据库里可以查出来，但是在程序里就是不行。
解决方法：
有时候启动服务器成功，但是打开页面时显示404错误，什么is not a validatable.有可能是你配置的tomcat版本号和你电脑上安装的版本不是同一个版本。