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  • Request对象介绍(客户端到服务器)

    1.处理请求和响应的过程request,response,关于request可以从三个方面着手学习。1:如何获取请求头  行  体   2:请求中文处理     3:请求对象的其它常用方法

    1.1:request常用方法:

    package com.test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
    //        request.getMethod()方法
            System.out.println("方法:"+request.getMethod());
            
    //        获取请求的路径URI(统一资源标识符)和URL(同一资源定位符)
            System.out.println("URI:"+request.getRequestURI());
            System.out.println("URL:"+request.getRequestURL());
            
    //        获取请求的协议类型
            System.out.println("协议:"+request.getProtocol());
            
    //        获取IP地址
            System.out.println("IP地址:"+request.getRemoteAddr());
            
    //        获取端口号
            System.out.println("服务器端口号:"+request.getLocalPort());
            
    //        获取请求头  头信息都可以获取到
            System.out.println("请求头名称:"+request.getHeader("Accept"));
            System.out.println("请求头名称:"+request.getHeader("Accept-Language"));
            System.out.println();
            
    //        获取所有请求头信息
            Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
            while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
                String element = headerNames.nextElement();
                System.out.println(element+"  "+request.getHeader(element));
            }
        }
    
    
        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    
    }

    结果:

    1.2:request请求中文处理

     GET乱码解决:

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    %>
    
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
      <head>
        <base href="<%=basePath%>">
        
        <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
        <!--
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
        -->
      </head>
      
      <body>
    
        <h1>GET方式</h1>
        <form method="GET" action="servlet/UsersServlet">
            帐号:<input type="text" name="username" /><br />
             <input type="submit"value="提交" />
        </form>
    
    </body>
    </html>

    Servlet:

    package com.test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class UsersServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                
    //        解决GET乱码
            String name = request.getParameter("username");
            
            name = new String(name.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");
            
            System.out.println(name);
            
        }
    
    
        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    
    }

     POST乱码解决:

    <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
    %>
    
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    <html>
      <head>
        <base href="<%=basePath%>">
        
        <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
        <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
        <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
        <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
        <!--
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
        -->
      </head>
      
      <body>
    <h1>POST方式</h1>
        <form method="POST" action="servlet/UsersServlet">
            帐号:<input type="text" name="username" /><br />
             <input type="submit"value="提交" />
        </form>  
    </body>
    </html>

    Servlet:

    package com.test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    public class UsersServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    
        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                
    //        解决POST乱码
            request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
            String name = request.getParameter("username");
            
            System.out.println(name);
            
        }
    
    
        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    
    }

    总结要记住得内容:

    1 处理get请求乱码  String string = new String(parameter.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");

    2 处理post请求乱码     request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

     

    Request容器(存取删)(域对象)和请求转发

    总结:

    当一个Web资源收到客户端的请求后,如果希望服务器通知另外一个资源处理.

    可以通过 转发对象 RequestDispatcher 对象的forward(request,response)方法,将当前请求传递给其他的Web资源进行处理,这种方式称为请求转发。

    注:在这些转发的过程中,所有的Servlet共享同一个请求对象。在转发中,客户端是感觉不到服务器内部在跳转。而且客户端的浏览器的地址栏中是不会发生任何变化的。

    因为在多个Servlet中可以进行转发,导致多个Servlet之间共享同一个request对象,于是在发出转发的Servlet中,可以把request对象当做一个容器,然后给其中保存数据,在其他的Servlet中可以取出前面的Servlet给request对象中保存的数据。request对象如果当作容器的话,它只是在当前请求中有效。当请求响应结束了,这个容器就消失了。

     

    转发得小结:

    1 转发可以调用其他得servlet程序

    2 转发可以获取保密路径(WEB-INF)下得资源

     另:

    1 使用request对象,可以获取请求行

    2 使用request对象,可以获取请求头

    3 使用request对象,可以处理中文乱码

    4 使用request对象,调用下一个servlet(请求转发)

    5 使用request对象,在一个请求转发过程中,让两个servlet共享数据,是一个容器。

     

     

     

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lichangyun/p/9068024.html
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