KVM虚拟化

虚拟化介绍

虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。

物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。

那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。

根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：

• 全虚拟化
• 半虚拟化

全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型

半虚拟化：
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型

理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。

kvm介绍

kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。

那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。

作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。

大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。

Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。

其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。

Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh

• libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
• API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
• virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具

kvm部署

环境说明：

系统类型	IP
CentOS 7	192.168.100.20

kvm安装

部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：

• 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
• 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化

//关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@KVM ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

[root@KVM ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 
...
SELINUX=disabled
[root@KVM ~]# setenforce 0

//重启机器
#reboot

//验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@KVM ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx

//搭建yum
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kvm ~]# sed -i 's/$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kvm ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++

[root@KVM ~]#  yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-common qemu-img virt-manager libvirt python3-libvirt libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools

//将kvm服务器网卡设置为桥接模式，使其与当前机器处于同一网段
//此处我的网卡是ens33，所以用br0来桥接ens33网卡
[root@KVM ~]# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0

[root@KVM network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-br0 

TYPE=Bridge
DEVICE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.100.20
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.100.254
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8

[root@KVM network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens33 

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no

//重载网络
[root@KVM ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager

[root@KVM network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:1b:e1:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1b:e1f0/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:1b:e1:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.100.20/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1b:e1f0/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

//启动服务
[root@KVM ~]#  systemctl enable --now libvirtd

//验证安装结果
[root@KVM ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel             188740  0 
kvm                   637289  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  1 kvm

//测试并验证安装结果
[root@KVM ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
 Id    名称                         状态
----------------------------------------------------


[root@KVM ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@KVM ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@KVM ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@KVM ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 5月  22 11:56 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@KVM ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel             188740  0 
kvm                   637289  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              13503  1 kvm

//查看网桥信息
[root@KVM ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br0        8000.000c291be1f0    no        ens33
virbr0        8000.5254000bf410    yes        virbr0-nic

kvm web管理界面安装

kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的

//安装依赖包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel

//从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@KVM src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@KVM src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 MiB | 650.00 KiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100% (3606/3606), done.

//安装webvirtmgr
[root@KVM src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@KVM webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1MB 179kB/s 
...此处省略

//检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@KVM webvirtmgr]#  python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()

//初始化帐号信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes     //问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'):   //指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 1@2.com     //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password:       //设置超级管理员密码
Password (again):       //再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)

//拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@KVM webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@KVM webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@KVM webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/

//生成密钥
[root@KVM ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:Ib8cqf0pRIEUIY5KHXZF+s1QMPL/xtMnw/Q/4unV5/A root@KVM
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|   o.+*O..       |
|  ooo.= +        |
| ......o..       |
|..    .o*o       |
|.      oS+   .   |
|       +.oo + . .|
|      ..+  = =.+o|
|        ......*=o|
|         .o o+. E|
+----[SHA256]-----+

//由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip

[root@KVM ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.100.20
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.20 (192.168.100.20)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:PBvp8WcEc84ov5UnkhgFk9nx38WO3/92neCocTzh6dI.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:85:b6:72:78:46:11:53:0d:fc:de:b0:e7:10:88:ba:2a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.100.20's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.100.20'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

//配置端口转发
[root@KVM ~]# ssh 192.168.100.20 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Sat May 22 12:06:26 2021 from 192.168.100.250
[root@KVM ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128        *:111                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5      192.168.122.1:53                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        *:22                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6010                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6011                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6080                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:8000                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     [::]:111                 [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     [::]:22                  [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    [::1]:25                  [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:6010                [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:6011                [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:6080                [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:8000                [::]:*  


//配置nginx
[root@KVM ~]# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
            root html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}


[root@KVM ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf

server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    server_name $hostname;
    #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;

    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
        expires max;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout 600;
        proxy_read_timeout 600;
        proxy_send_timeout 600;
        client_max_body_size 1024M;
    }
}

//确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@KVM ~]# vi /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
.....此处省略N行
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000'     //确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
.....此处省略N行

//重启nginx
[root@KVM ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@KVM ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128        *:111                    *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        *:80                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5      192.168.122.1:53                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128        *:22                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                     *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6010                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6011                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:6080                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:8000                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     [::]:111                 [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     [::]:22                  [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    [::1]:25                  [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:6010                [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:6011                [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:6080                [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    [::1]:8000                [::]:* 

//设置supervisor
[root@KVM ~]# vi /etc/supervisord.conf
.....此处省略上面的内容，在文件最后加上以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx

[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx

//启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@KVM ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.

//配置nginx用户
[root@KVM ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:kxON1W6vknnxk4kC6LIIoq+Eu0x5em+fY9LmWsse1U0 nginx@KVM
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|          ..     |
|         +  .    |
|        o .. E   |
|         o. =    |
|       .S. o o   |
|. .   . oo  . .  |
|++ . ..o . o = o |
|*ooo.o+=+ = + =  |
|=*+ +=OB.  +   . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.100.20
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.20' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.100.20's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.100.20'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

-bash-4.2$ exit
登出

[root@KVM ~]# vi /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

[root@KVM ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@KVM ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@KVM ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd

kvm web界面管理

通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm

http://192.168.100.20/login

案例

第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files)

此时需要对nginx进行配置

[root@KVM ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
....此处省略N行
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350;    //添加此行配置

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
....此处省略N行

[root@KVM ~]# systemctl restart nginx

  [root@KVM ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
  Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.

然后对系统参数进行设置

[root@KVM ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
....此处省略N行
# End of file
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350

到此问题即可解决

kvm web界面管理

此处的用户名是root，密码是123456（密码是你初始化帐号信息的时候设置的）

 

 

 

添加完了之后先不要进行操作，先执行下面的操作

给虚拟机添加一个磁盘，用来安装系统（此步骤需要在关机状态下进行）

 

 

磁盘分区格式化

[root@KVM images]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x00391384 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p

磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x00391384

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   83  Linux

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。

//格式化并且挂载
[root@KVM images]# partprobe
Warning: 无法以读写方式打开 /dev/sr0 (只读文件系统)。/dev/sr0 已按照只读方式打开。
[root@KVM images]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1310656 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5242624, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@KVM images]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="e4acaf60-93e9-4ef7-85a9-830221ed5fbf" TYPE="xfs" 

//此处的UUID使用上面blkid查询出来的UUID
[root@KVM images]# vim /etc/fstab 
UUID="e4acaf60-93e9-4ef7-85a9-830221ed5fbf" /kvmdata xfs defaults 0 0

[root@KVM images]# mkdir /kvmdata
[root@KVM images]# mount -a

 

 

 通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储，目录/kvmdata

[root@KVM ~]# ls /kvmdata/
rhel-8.0-x86_64-dvd.iso

kvm网络管理

 

 

实例管理

实例(虚拟机)创建

 

 

 虚拟机插入光盘

 显示已断开就是连接上了

设置在 web 上访问虚拟机的密码

 

 

 虚拟机安装步骤就是安装系统的步骤，此处就不再赘述

故障案例

案例1

web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面

 解决方法是安装novnc并通过novnc_server启动一个vnc

[root@KVM ~]# yum -y install novnc

[root@KVM  ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug  6  2018 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@KVM ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@KVM ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local

[root@KVM ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
......此处省略N行
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup novnc_server 192.168.100.20:5920 &

[root@KVM ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local

做完以上操作后再次访问即可正常访问