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1 简介
dubbo是一个分布式服务框架,由阿里巴巴的工程师开发,致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用。可惜的是该项目在2012年之后就没有再更新了,之后由当当基于dubbo开发了dubbox。这里对dubbo的入门构建进行简单的介绍。不涉及dubbo的运行机制,只是搭建过程,方便学习者快速构建项目,运行、熟悉该框架。
dubbo提供了两种构建项目的方法。1.通过Spring容器快速构建,其中还有注解的方式;2.通过直接使用API(不推荐)。以下对其一一说明。
2 前期工作
创建一个普通的maven项目,导入dubbo的依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
</dependency><dependency>
<groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.4</version>
</dependency>
下载zookeeper作为注册中心,具体步骤参考这里。
3 Spring配置方式
3.1 生产者Provider
dubbo的生产者是用于提供服务的,先定义服务接口和服务的实现类:
public interface DemoService { public String greet(String name); public List<User> getUsers(); }
这里有两个服务一个是输入一个字符串,一个是返回一个一个List对象,User类的内容如下:
public class User implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String name; private int age; private String sex; public User(String name, int age, String sex) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.sex = sex; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + "]"; } }
由于接口中会传递一个List的User对象,所以User需要实现Serializable接口。下面是DemoServiceImpl,接口的实现类中的内容:
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{ @Override public String greet(String name) { return "Hello " + name; } @Override public List<User> getUsers() { List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>(); User user1 = new User("张三",10,"男"); User user2 = new User("李四",11,"女"); User user3 = new User("王五",12,"男"); list.add(user1); list.add(user2); list.add(user3); return list; } }
这就是一个简单的生产者提供的服务了,和普通的服务类没有什么区别,关键是下面的dubbo配置了。与Spring结合,需要一个dubbo的配置xml文件,我命名为provider.xml,里面的内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <!-- 服务bean --> <bean id="demoService" class="com.xxx.dubbo.service.impl.DemoServiceImpl" /> <dubbo:application name="provider" /> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" /> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20886" payload="16777216"/> <dubbo:service interface="com.xxx.dubbo.service.DemoService" ref="demoService" /> </beans>
上面的XML配置文件就将服务暴露出去了,将其注册到了zookeeper中。最后运行Spring,测试:
public class Provider { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"provider.xml"}); context.start(); System.in.read(); } }
控制台输出日志如下,就可以了:
3.2 消费者
消费者的配置就更加简单了,其只需要想要调用的服务的接口,在这里就是DemoService接口,注意要确保是同一个接口。然后配置消费者的consumer.xml,配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <dubbo:application name="consumer"/> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/> <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="com.xxx.dubbo.service.DemoService" /> </beans>
reference就代表着引用一个服务,从暴露服务注册的注册中心获取,在spring中就有一个这样的接口实例了。测试类:
public class Consumer { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"consumer.xml"}); context.start(); DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService"); System.out.println(demoService.greet("张三")); System.out.println(demoService.getUsers()); } }
开启刚刚的生产者测试类,再运行这个消费者测试类,就会看到打印出:
3.3 注解方式
注解的方式配置起来非常的简单,全部如下:
生产者就是实现类上打上@Service注解就可以了,注意这个注解是com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service,不是Spring的Service注解。
@Service public class AnnotationProvider implements DemoService{ @Override public String greet(String name) { return "Hello " + name; } @Override public List<User> getUsers() { List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>(); User user1 = new User("张三",10,"男"); User user2 = new User("李四",11,"女"); User user3 = new User("王五",12,"男"); list.add(user1); list.add(user2); list.add(user3); return list; } }
配置文件也就是去掉了bean和<dubbo:service>,使用<dubbo:annotation>取代了:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <dubbo:application name="provider" /> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181" /> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20886" payload="16777216"/> <dubbo:annotation package="com.xxx.dubbo.spring.annotation.provider"/> </beans>
消费者也相差无几:
@Service public class AnnotationComsumer { @Reference(check=false) private DemoService demoService; public void print() { System.out.println(demoService.greet("张三")); System.out.println(demoService.getUsers()); } }
注意这个Service是Spring的注解。配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <dubbo:application name="consumer"/> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/> <dubbo:annotation package="com.xxx.dubbo.spring.annotation.consumer" /> </beans>
启动程序如下:
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"annotation-provider.xml"}); context.start(); System.in.read(); } public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"annotation-consumer.xml"}); context.start(); AnnotationComsumer demoService = (AnnotationComsumer) context.getBean("annotationComsumer"); demoService.print(); }
最终效果和之前的一样。
4. API配置方式
这个简单说明一下,其实看API的方式和配置文件的方式就会明白一些,不做详细介绍。
public class APIProvider { public static boolean running = true; public static void main(String[] args) { DemoService demoService = new DemoServiceImpl(); ApplicationConfig applicationConfig = new ApplicationConfig(); applicationConfig.setName("provider"); RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig(); registryConfig.setAddress("zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"); ProtocolConfig protocolConfig = new ProtocolConfig(); protocolConfig.setName("dubbo"); protocolConfig.setPort(20886); protocolConfig.setPayload(16*1024*1024); ServiceConfig<DemoService> service = new ServiceConfig<DemoService>(); service.setApplication(applicationConfig); service.setRegistry(registryConfig); service.setProtocol(protocolConfig); service.setInterface(DemoService.class); service.setRef(demoService); service.export(); Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() { public void run() { synchronized (APIProvider.class) { running = false; APIProvider.class.notify(); } } }); synchronized(APIProvider.class) { while(running) { try { APIProvider.class.wait(); } catch (Throwable e) { } } } } }
public class APIConsumer { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationConfig applicationConfig = new ApplicationConfig(); applicationConfig.setName("consumer"); RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig(); registryConfig.setAddress("zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"); ReferenceConfig<DemoService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<DemoService>(); reference.setApplication(applicationConfig); reference.setRegistry(registryConfig); reference.setInterface(DemoService.class); DemoService demoService = reference.get(); System.out.println(demoService.greet("李四")); System.out.println(demoService.getUsers()); } }
都是要先定义ApplicationConfig和<dubbo:application>一致,后面RegistryConfig也一样<dubbo:registry>。具体过程之后篇章介绍。这种API的方法不被推荐使用。
5 后记
本篇主要是帮助新手快速入门搭建一个dubbo服务,之后会从整体结构上介绍一下dubbo是如何工作的,再往后会讲解一下源码实现。水平有限,有错请指教。