#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 开发团队: 奶豆的小铺
# 开发人员: bcz
# 开发时间: 2020/12/1 21:32
# 七、代码示例
# 1.创建一个shelve对象,直接使用open函数即可
import shelve
s = shelve.open('test_shelf.db') #
try:
s['kk'] = {'int': 10, 'float': 9.5, 'String': 'Sample data'}
s['MM'] = [1, 2, 3]
finally:
s.close()
# 2.如果想要再次访问这个shelf,只需要再次shelve.open()就可以了,然后我们可以像使用字典一样来使用这个shelf
import shelve
try:
s = shelve.open('test_shelf.db')
value = s['kk']
print(value)
finally:
s.close()
# 3.对shelf对象,增、删、改操作
'''
writeback:默认为False。当设置为True以后,
shelf将会将所有从DB中读取的对象存放到一个内存缓存。
当我们close()打开的shelf的时候,缓存中所有的对象会被重新写入DB。
writeback方式有优点也有缺点。
优点是减少了我们出错的概率,并且让对象的持久化对用户更加的透明了;
但这种方式并不是所有的情况下都需要,首先,使用writeback以后,
shelf在open()的时候会增加额外的内存消耗,
并且当DB在close()的时候会将缓存中的每一个对象都写入到DB,
这也会带来额外的等待时间。
因为shelve没有办法知道缓存中哪些对象修改了,
哪些对象没有修改,因此所有的对象都会被写入。
'''
import shelve
s = shelve.open('test_shelf.db', flag='w', writeback=True)
try:
# 增加
s['QQQ'] = 2333
# 删除
del s['MM']
# 修改
s['kk'] = {'String': 'day day up'}
finally:
s.close()
# 注意:flag设置为‘r’-只读模式,当程序试图去修改一个以只读方式打开的DB时,将会抛一个访问错误的异常。异常的具体类型取决于anydbm这个模块在创建DB时所选用的DB。异常举例:anydbm.error: need ‘c’ or ‘n’ flag to open new db
# 4.循环遍历shelf对象
import shelve
s = shelve.open('test_shelf.db')
try:
# 方法一:
for item in s.items():
print ('键[{}] = 值[{}]'.format(item[0], s[item[0]]))
# 方法二:
for key, value in s.items():
print(key, value)
finally:
s.close()
# 5.备注一个错误:
# open中的参数filename,起初认为需要手动新建一个.db,或者.dat的文件,目前电脑中无任何真正的数据库文件,所以采用了新建txt文件,修改后缀的方法创建.db,或者.dat的文件。
# 解释器报错,提示内容为:"anydbm.error: db type could not be determined",
# 原因是是filename已经存在,并且格式与shelve不符,所以提示 “db type could not be determined”。
# 解决方法是,删除该文件。首次运行后会自动生成该filename文件。
# 6.稍微复杂些的案例,实现一个简单提问式的数据库
# encoding:utf-8
# 2018/3/8
# 简单的数据库
import sys,shelve
def print_help():
'存储(增加)、查找、更新(修改)、循环打印、删除、退出、帮助'
print('The available commons are: ')
print('store : Stores information about a person')
print('lookup : Looks up a person from ID numbers')
print("update : Update a person's information from ID number")
print('print_all: Print all informations')
print("delete : Delete a person's information from ID number")
print('quit : Save changes and exit')
print('? : Print this message')
def store_people(db):
pid = input('Please enter a unique ID number: ')
person = {}
person['name'] = input('Please enter the name: ')
person['age'] = input('Please enter the age: ')
person['phone'] = input('Please enter the phone: ')
db[pid] = person
print("Store information: pid is %s, information is %s" % (pid, person))
def lookup_people(db):
pid = input('Please enter the number: ')
field = input('What would you like to know? (name, age, phone) ')
if pid in db.keys():
value = db[pid][field]
print("Pid %s's %s is %s" % (pid, field, value))
else:
print('Not found this number')
def update_people(db):
pid = input('Please enter the number: ')
field = input('What would you like to update? (name, age, phone) ')
newvalue = input('Enter the new information: ')
if pid in db.keys():
value = db[pid]
value[field] = newvalue
print("Pid %s's %s update information is %s" % (pid, field, newvalue))
else:
print("Not found this number, can't update")
def delete_people(db):
pid = input('Please enter the number: ')
if pid in db.keys():
del db[pid]
print("pid %s's information delete done" % pid)
else:
print( "Not found this number, can't delete")
def print_all_people(db):
print( 'All information are: ')
for key, value in db.items():
print(key, value)
def enter_cmd():
cmd = input('Please enter the cmd(? for help): ')
cmd = cmd.strip().lower()
return cmd
def main():
database = shelve.open('database201803.dat', writeback=True)
try:
while True:
cmd = enter_cmd()
if cmd == 'store':
store_people(database)
elif cmd == 'lookup':
lookup_people(database)
elif cmd == 'update':
update_people(database)
elif cmd == 'print_all':
print_all_people(database)
elif cmd == 'delete':
delete_people(database)
elif cmd == '?':
print_help()
elif cmd == 'quit':
return
finally:
database.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()