python3 os模块

import os 


"""目录操作"""
os.makedirs("a/b/c")  # 创建多级目录（推荐使用）
os.removedirs("a/b/c")  # 删除多级目录（不推荐使用）
os.mkdir("aa")  # 创建一级目录
os.rmdir("aa")  # 删除一层目录
os.listdir("./")  # 列出指定目录下的文件和文件夹
os.getcwd()  # 获取当前工作目录
os.chdir("aaa")  # 切换工作目录
os.chdir("../")  
os.path.join("a", "b") # 路径拼接 'a\b'
os.path.basename("a/b/c")  # 返回最后一个/后面的内容 'c'
os.path.basename("a/b/c.txt")  # 返回最后一个/后面的内容 'c.txt'
os.path.dirname("a/b/c")  # 返回除最后一个/后面内容外的部分 'a/b'
os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname("a/b/c"))  # 'a'
os.path.split("a/b/c")  # 路径分隔('a/b', 'c')

import os 


"""文件操作"""
open("a.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8").close()  # 创建一个空文件
os.rename("a.txt", "a-new.txt")  # 文件重命名
os.remove("a-new.txt")  # 删除文件
os.path.exists("a.txt")  # 判断文件或目录是否存在
os.path.isfile("a.txt")  # 判断是否是文件
os.path.isdir("a.txt")  # 判断是否是目录
os.path.isabs("a.txt")  # 判断是否是绝对路径 
os.path.abspath("a.txt")  # 文件的绝对路径 'G:\python28\code\day05\整理笔记\a.txt'
os.path.getatime("b.txt")  # 文件最后访问的时间戳 
os.path.getctime("b.txt")  # 文件最后修改的时间戳 
os.path.getsize("b.txt")  # 文件大小，单位字节
os.stat("b.txt")  # 文件信息

os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=14636698789298201, st_dev=2049124156, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=33, st_atime=1574923631, st_mtime=1574923730, st_ctime=1574923631)

import os


os.system("dir")  # 执行命令，无返回值
os.popen("dir").read()  # 执行命令，有返回值
os.sep  # 系统分隔符 '\'

import os


def list_dir(path): 
    """
    遍历目录下所有的文件
    """
    lst = os.listdir(path)
    for name in lst:
        file_path = os.path.join(path, name)
        if os.path.isdir(file_path):
            list_dir(file_path)
        else:
            print(file_path)
    
list_dir("./")

./.ipynb_checkpoints整理笔记-checkpoint.ipynb
./.ipynb_checkpoints练习题-checkpoint.ipynb
./aaa1.txt
./aaa2.txt
./aaabba1.txt
./aaabba2.txt
./abca111.txt
./b.txt
./安装包.exe
./整理笔记.ipynb
./练习题.ipynb

import os


def list_dir(path, layer): 
    """
    遍历目录下所有的文件和目录
    """
    lst = os.listdir(path)
    for name in lst:
        file_path = os.path.join(path, name)
        if os.path.isdir(file_path):
            print((layer-1)*"	" + name)
            list_dir(file_path, layer+1)
        else:
            print((layer-1)*"	" + name)
    
list_dir("./", 1)

.ipynb_checkpoints
	整理笔记-checkpoint.ipynb
	练习题-checkpoint.ipynb
88
aaa
	1.txt
	2.txt
	bbb
		a1.txt
		a2.txt
abc
	a111.txt
b.txt
安装包.exe
整理笔记.ipynb
练习题.ipynb

import os


def unit_convert(size):
    """
    字节、KB、MB、GB单位转换
    """
    if size > 1024*1024*1024:
        return format(size/1024/1024/1024, ".2f")+"GB"
    elif size > 1024*1024:
        return format(size/1024/1024, ".2f")+"MB"
    elif size > 1024:
        return format(size/1024, ".2f")+"KB"
    else:
        return str(size)+"B"
    


def getPathSize(path): 
    """
    统计目录的总大小
    """
    total_size = 0
    def get_size(path):         
        nonlocal total_size
        lst = os.listdir(path)
        for name in lst:
            file_path = os.path.join(path, name)
            if os.path.isdir(file_path):
                total_size += os.path.getsize(file_path)
                print(file_path)
                get_size(file_path)
            else:
                print(file_path)
                total_size += os.path.getsize(file_path)
        return total_size
    return get_size(path)
      
   
print(unit_convert(getPathSize("./")))

./.ipynb_checkpoints
./.ipynb_checkpoints整理笔记-checkpoint.ipynb
./.ipynb_checkpoints练习题-checkpoint.ipynb
./88
./aaa
./aaa1.txt
./aaa2.txt
./aaabb
./aaabba1.txt
./aaabba2.txt
./abc
./abca111.txt
./b.txt
./安装包.exe
./整理笔记.ipynb
./练习题.ipynb
29.95KB

import os

    
os.walk("./")  # 返回一个生成器
print(list(os.walk("./")))  # [root, [文件夹1，文件夹2...]， [文件1，文件2...]]

[('./', ['.ipynb_checkpoints', '88', 'aaa', 'abc'], ['b.txt', '安装包.exe', '整理笔记.ipynb', '练习题.ipynb']), ('./.ipynb_checkpoints', [], ['整理笔记-checkpoint.ipynb', '练习题-checkpoint.ipynb']), ('./88', [], []), ('./aaa', ['bbb'], ['1.txt', '2.txt']), ('./aaa\bbb', [], ['a1.txt', 'a2.txt']), ('./abc', [], ['a111.txt'])]

import os


def getPathSize(path): 
    """
    统计目录的总大小
    """
    total_size = 0
    gen = os.walk(path)  # 拿到一个生成器
    for root,  dirs, files in gen:
        for d in dirs:            
            dir_path = os.path.join(root, d)
            total_size += os.path.getsize(dir_path)
            print(dir_path)
        for f in files:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, f)
            total_size += os.path.getsize(file_path)
            print(file_path)
    return total_size

print(unit_convert(getPathSize("./")))

./.ipynb_checkpoints
./88
./aaa
./abc
./b.txt
./安装包.exe
./整理笔记.ipynb
./练习题.ipynb
./.ipynb_checkpoints整理笔记-checkpoint.ipynb
./.ipynb_checkpoints练习题-checkpoint.ipynb
./aaabb
./aaa1.txt
./aaa2.txt
./aaabba1.txt
./aaabba2.txt
./abca111.txt
30.05KB