saltstack的高级管理

一、saltstack的状态管理

状态管理官网： https://www.unixhot.com/docs/saltstack/ref/states/all/index.html

1）状态分析

[root@k8s6 ~]# cat /srv/salt/web/apache.sls 
apache-install:    
  pkg.installed:
    - names:
      - httpd
      - httpd-devel

apache-service:        # 名称ID声明 ID必须唯一
  service.running:    # state声明 状态声明
    - name: httpd    # 选项声明
    - enable: True

 2.1) 对于lamp 架构状态管理分析

LAMP架构
1）安装软件包        pkg
2）修改配置文件        file
3）启动服务            service
pkg.installed     # 安装
pkg.latest        # 确保最新版本
pkg.remove        # 卸载
pkg.purge         # 卸载并删除配置文件

2.2）安装软件示例和配置文件定义示例

#示例:同时安装多个包
common_packages:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - unzip
      - dos2unix
      - salt-minion: 2015.8.5-1.el6
  
#示例：修改配置文件
apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
    - source: salt://files/http.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

2.3）对于配置文件定义的source源分析

- source: salt://files/http.conf  指的salt环境的下的目录
salt:// 表示 当前环境的跟目录
salt跟目录定义
[root@k8s6 lamp]# vim /etc/salt/master
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt

    比如 salt://lamp/files/http.conf 表示 /srv/salt/lamp/files/http.conf

3）定义lamp架构示例

[root@k8s6 salt]# cat lamp/lamp.sls 
lamp-pkg:
  pkg.installed:
  - pkgs:
    - httpd
    - php
    - mariadb
    - mariadb-server
    - php-mysql
    - php-cli
    - php-mbstring

apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644

php-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/php.ini
      - source: salt://lamp/files/php.ini
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644

mysql-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True

mysql-service:
  service.running:
    - name: mariadb
    - enable: True
    - reload: True

配置文件路径

[root@k8s6 salt]# ls lamp/files/
httpd.conf  my.cnf  php.ini

单台机器启动测试

# 单台机器测试 lamp.lamp ==》目录/文件
[root@k8s6 lamp]# salt 'node01' state.sls lamp.lamp

执行的时候：需要监听客户端日志，排查错误
tail -f /var/log/salt/minion

服务端日志改为debug模式。排查错误
vim /etc/salt/master
#log_level: warning
log_level: debug

 4）对于启动服务的另一种写法

[root@k8s6 salt]# cat lamp/apache.sls 
apache-server:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - httpd
      - php
    
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644

  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True

 二、状态关系

1）依赖关系require。服务中，只写一个

服务服务的依赖关系
apache-server:        # 启动服务需要有依赖关系
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - require:        # 依赖关系
      - pkg: lamp-pkg    # 需要先安装
      - file: apache-config        # 需要有配置文件

mysql-config:    # 配置文件被启动服务所依赖
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
    - require_in:    # 被依赖，被启动服务所依赖
      - service: mysql-service

 2）监听文件。watch

服务服务的依赖关系
apache-server:        # 启动服务需要有依赖关系
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - require:        # 依赖关系
      - pkg: lamp-pkg    # 需要先安装
    - watch
      - file: apache-config        # 监听该文件

 3.1）引入实例

提前安装的文件

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat pkg.sls 
lamp-pkg:
  pkg.installed:
  - pkgs:
    - httpd
    - php
    - mariadb
    - mariadb-server
    - php-mysql
    - php-cli
    - php-mbstring

导入pkg

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat lamp.sls 
include:
  - lamp.pkg
  
apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644

php-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/php.ini
      - source: salt://lamp/files/php.ini
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644

mysql-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True

mysql-service:
  service.running:
    - name: mariadb
    - enable: True
    - reload: True

3.2）引入多个文件

 安装模块

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat pkg.sls 
lamp-pkg:
  pkg.installed:
  - pkgs:
    - httpd
    - php
    - mariadb
    - mariadb-server
    - php-mysql
    - php-cli
    - php-mbstring

配置文件模块

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat config.sls 
apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644

php-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/php.ini
      - source: salt://lamp/files/php.ini
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644

mysql-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://lamp/files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

启动服务模块

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat service.sls 
apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True

mysql-service:
  service.running:
    - name: mariadb
    - enable: True
    - reload: Tru

导入模块

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat init.sls 
include:
  - lamp.pkg
  - lamp.config
  - lamp.service

文件目录关系图

[root@k8s6 salt]# tree /srv/salt/lamp/
/srv/salt/lamp/
├── config.sls
├── files
│   ├── httpd.conf
│   ├── my.c
│   └── php.ini
├── init.sls
├── pkg.sls
└── service.sls

启动服务

salt 'node1' state.sls lamp.init

 4、jinja模板的使用

4.1）先在sls文件中定于使用jinja模板。并定于变量

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat config.sls 
apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
      - user: root
      - group: root
      - mode: 644
      - template: jinja
      - defaults:
        PORT: 88

...............................

4.2) 在引用的配置文件中写入jinja模板

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat files/httpd.conf 
......
Listen {{ PORT }}
.....

salt 'node1' state.sls lamp.init  测试

 5）扩展

5.1）引用salt默认的模块。{{ grains['fgdn_ip4'][0] }}  引入salt默认执行的结果

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat files/httpd.conf 
Listen {{ grains['fgdn_ip4'][0] }}:{{ PORT }}

5.2）grains 也可写在sls的配置文件中

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat config.sls 
apache-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      - source: salt://lamp/files/httpd.conf
      ..........
      - template: jinja
      - defaults:
        IPADDR: {{ {{ grains['fgdn_ip4'][0] }} }}
        PORT: 88

httpd.conf文件引用

[root@k8s6 lamp]# cat files/httpd.conf 
Listen {{ IPADDR }}:{{ PORT }

5.3）salt远程执行模块

{{ salt['network.hw_addr']('ens33') }}   # 写入配置文件模板
[root@k8s6 lamp]# salt 'node01' network.hw_addr ens33
node01:
    00:0c:29:f7:16:c5

 5.4）pillar 值获取

[root@k8s6 web]# salt '*' pillar.items
k8s6:
    ----------
    apache:
        httpd
node01:
    ----------
可写jinja模板
{{ pillar['apache'] }}

 三、企业用法

案例：https://github.com/unixhot/saltbook-code/
base 基础环境
[root@k8s6 lamp]# vim /etc/salt/master
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod

pillar_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base
  prod:
    - /srv/pillar/prod
    
[root@k8s6 salt]# mkdir /srv/salt/base
[root@k8s6 salt]# mkdir /srv/salt/prod
[root@k8s6 salt]# mkdir /srv/pillar/base
[root@k8s6 salt]# mkdir /srv/pillar/prod
[root@k8s6 lamp]# systemctl restart salt-master

1）base基础环境
init目录，环境初始化：
    1、dns配置
    2、history记录时间
    3、记录命令操作
    4、内核参数优化
    5、安装yum仓库
    6、安装zabbix-agent