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  • Python之tornado

    一、快速了解Tornado框架

    1)tornado简介

    Tornado 和现在的主流 Web 服务器框架(包括大多数 Python 的框架)有着明显的区别:它是非阻塞式服务器,而且速度相当快。得利于其 非阻塞的方式和对epoll的运用,Tornado 每秒可以处理数以千计的连接,因此 Tornado 是实时 Web 服务的一个 理想框架。我们开发这个 Web 服务器的主要目的就是为了处理 FriendFeed 的实时功能 ——在 FriendFeed 的应用里每一个活动用户都会保持着一个服务器连接
    
    FriendFeed是一个聚合个人信息的网站,可集成网络社区媒体、社交网络服务、书签网站、博客、微博客的更新,及其他RSS/Atom信源
    
    安装  pip install tornado
    Tornado和安装

    2)tornado框架快速上手

    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
      
      
    class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            self.write("Hello, world")
      
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/index", MainHandler),
    ])
      
      
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        application.listen(8888)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    tornado的快速入门

    执行过程

    1:执行脚本,监听 8888 端口
    2:浏览器客户端访问 /index  -->  http://127.0.0.1:8888/index
    3:服务器接受请求,并交由对应的类处理该请求
    4:类接受到请求之后,根据请求方式(post / get / delete ...)的不同调用并执行相应的方法
    5:方法返回值的字符串内容发送浏览器
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    
    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    from tornado import httpclient
    from tornado.web import asynchronous
    from tornado import gen
    
    import uimodules as md
    import uimethods as mt
    
    class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
            @asynchronous
            @gen.coroutine
            def get(self):
                print 'start get '
                http = httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient()
                http.fetch("http://127.0.0.1:8008/post/", self.callback)
                self.write('end')
    
            def callback(self, response):
                print response.body
    
    settings = {
        'template_path': 'template',
        'static_path': 'static',
        'static_url_prefix': '/static/',
        'ui_methods': mt,
        'ui_modules': md,
    }
    
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/index", MainHandler),
    ], **settings)
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        application.listen(8009)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    步非堵塞实例

    二、tornado的模板语言

    1)git请求,返回前端页面。render

    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    
    class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            self.render('login.html')
    
        def post(self):
            self.write("Hello, world")
    
    # 生成路由规则
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    ])
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        # 创建socket对象8888
        # 将socket对象添加到select或epoll
        application.listen(8888)
        # 将select或epoll开始死循环 while True
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    main.py

    前端页面默认同级目录

    2)前端模板显示内容

    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    
    class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            # self.render('login.html')
            # self.render('login.html',k1='v1')
            # self.render('login.html',k1='v1',k2='v2')
            # self.render('login.html',**{'k1':'v1'})
            self.render('login.html',**{'k1':'v1',
                                        'k2':[1,2,3,4],
                                        'k3':{'name':'root','age':18}})
    
    # 生成路由规则
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    ])
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        # 创建socket对象8888
        # 将socket对象添加到select或epoll
        application.listen(8888)
        # 将select或epoll开始死循环 while True
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    main.py

    对于前端显示

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>Login</h1>
    <h3>{{k1}}</h3>
    <h2>{{k2}}</h2>
    <h2>{{k2[0]}}</h2>
    <ul>
        {% for item in k2 %}
            <li>{{item}}</li>
        {%end%}
    </ul>
    <div>{{k3}}</div>
    <div>{{k3['name']}}</div>
    <div>{{k3.get('name')}}</div>
    <ul>
        {% for k,v in k3.items() %}
            <li>{{k}}--{{v}}</li>
        {%end%}
    </ul>
    </body>
    </html>
    login.html

    前端语法常用归纳

    {% for item in k2 %}
        <li>{{item}}</li>
    {%end%}
    
    <h2>{{k2}}</h2>
    <h2>{{k2[0]}}</h2>
    <div>{{k3['name']}}</div>
    <div>{{k3.get('name')}}</div>

    3)获取用户相应信息

    def get(self):
        # 获取用户请求相关信息
        self.get_cookie()
        v = self.get_argument('p')      # http://127.0.0.1:8888/login?p=123
        print(v)
        self.render('login.html',**{'k1':'v1',
                                    'k2':[1,2,3,4],
                                    'k3':{'name':'root','age':18}})
    View Code

    有多个self,也返回给用户

    4)self.set_cookies。设置额外的内容

    def get(self):
        # 设置额外的相应内容
        self.set_cookie('k1','v1')  # 设置cookies
        self.set_header('h1','v1')  # 设置相应头
    
        self.render('login.html')
    设置额外的内容返回用户

    5)跳转。self.redirect('/login/')

    6)静态文件和模板文件的配置

    settings = {
        'static_path':'static',
        'static_url_prefix':'/sss/',
        'template_path':'templates',
    }
    
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    ],**settings)
    main.py

    前端文件引入静态文件

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/sss/commons.css">
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>Login</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    html引入css

    7)后台获取form表单提交的数据

    <form method="POST" action="/login">
        <input type="text" name="user">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    form.html
    class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            self.render('login.html')
        def post(self):
            v = self.get_argument('user')
            print(v)
            self.redirect('http://autohome.com.cn')
    main.py

    8)自定义函数注册,前端执行函数

    def tab(self):
        return 'UIMethod'
    uimethods.py

    settings字典注册

    import uimethods as mt
    settings = {
        'static_path':'static',
        'static_url_prefix':'/sss/',
        'template_path':'templates',
        'ui_methods':mt,
    }
    
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    ],**settings)
    View Code

     前端调用函数

    <body>
    <h1>Login {{ tab() }}</h1>
    <form method="POST" action="/login">
        <input type="text" name="user">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    </body>
    html

    9)自定义类方法注册。可返还一般数据,css样式,css文件,js文件

    from tornado.web import UIModule
    from tornado import escape
    
    class Custom(UIModule):
        def embedded_css(self):
            return "body{color:blue;}"
        def css_files(self):
            return "a.sss"
        def javascript_files(self):
            return "a.js"
        def render(self, *args, **kwargs):
            return '<h1>user sb</h1>'
            #return escape.xhtml_escape('<h1>user sb</h1>')
    uimodules.py

    settings字典注册

    import uimethods as mt
    import uimodules as md
    settings = {
        'static_path':'static',
        'static_url_prefix':'/sss/',
        'template_path':'templates',
        'ui_methods':mt,
        'ui_modules':md,
    
    }
    View Code

     前端调用函数

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/sss/commons.css">
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>Login {{ tab() }}</h1>
    <h2>{% module Custom(123) %}</h2>
    <form method="POST" action="/login">
        <input type="text" name="user">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    html

     三、tornado的session管理

    1)基于内存的session

    session文件方法

    import uuid
    
    class Session(object):
        container = {}
        def __init__(self,handler):
            # 获取用户cookies,如果有,不操作,否则给用户生成随机字符串
            # - 写给用户
            # - 保存在session
            nid = handler.get_cookie('session_id')
            if nid:
                if nid in Session.container:
                    pass
                else:
                    nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
                    Session.container[nid] = {}
            else:
                nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
                Session.container[nid] = {}
            handler.set_cookie('session_id',nid,max_age=1000)   # max_age=1000 超时时间
            # nid 当前访问用户的随机字符串+
            self.nid = nid
            # 封装了所有用户请求信息
            self.handler = handler
    
        def __setitem__(self,key,value):
            Session.container[self.nid][key] = value
    
        def __getitem__(self,item):
            return Session.container[self.nid].get(item)
    
        def __delitem__(self, key):
            del Session.container[self.nid][key]
    session.py

    验证session的类

    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    
    class BaseHandler(object):
         def initialize(self):
             from session import Session
             self.session = Session(self)
             super(BaseHandler,self).initialize()
    
    class IndexHandler(BaseHandler,tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            if self.session['is_login']:
                self.write('Hello World')
            else:
                self.redirect('/login')
    
    class LoginHandler(BaseHandler,tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            self.render('login.html')
        def post(self):
            v = self.get_argument('user')
            if v == 'root':
                self.session['is_login'] = True
                self.redirect('/index')
            else:
                self.redirect('/login')
    main.py

    总的运行文件

    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    
    class BaseHandler(object):
         def initialize(self):
             from session import Session
             self.session = Session(self)
             super(BaseHandler,self).initialize()
    
    class IndexHandler(BaseHandler,tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            if self.session['is_login']:
                self.write('Hello World')
            else:
                self.redirect('/login')
    
    class LoginHandler(BaseHandler,tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            self.render('login.html')
        def post(self):
            v = self.get_argument('user')
            if v == 'root':
                self.session['is_login'] = True
                self.redirect('/index')
            else:
                self.redirect('/login')
    settings = {
        'static_path':'static',
        'static_url_prefix':'/sss/',
        'template_path':'templates',
    }
    
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
        (r"/index", IndexHandler),
    ],**settings)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        application.listen(8888)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    main.py

    2)基于redis的session

    class RedisSession(object):
    
        def __init__(self,handler):
            # 获取用户cookies,如果有,不操作,否则给用户生成随机字符串
            # - 写给用户
            # - 保存在session
            nid = handler.get_cookie('session_id')
            if nid:
                if nid in Session.container:
                    pass
                else:
                    nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
                    # Session.container[nid] = {}
                    # 连接redis写值
            else:
                nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
                # Session.container[nid] = {}
                # 连接redis写值
            handler.set_cookie('session_id',nid,max_age=1000)   # max_age=1000 超时时间
            # nid 当前访问用户的随机字符串+
            self.nid = nid
            # 封装了所有用户请求信息
            self.handler = handler
    
        def __setitem__(self,key,value):
            # Session.container[self.nid][key] = value
            pass
        def __getitem__(self,item):
            # return Session.container[self.nid].get(item)
            pass
        def __delitem__(self, key):
            # del Session.container[self.nid][key]
            pass
    RedisSession

    3)设置配置文件,选择使用哪种session

    新建配置文件文件

    session_key = "RedisSession"
    config.py

    通过getattr方法找到config文件内容

    import config
    class BaseHandler(object):
         def initialize(self):
             import session
             cls = getattr(session,config.session_key)
             self.session = cls(self)
             super(BaseHandler,self).initialize()
    BaseHandler

     4)补充,根据算法,计算选择哪台机器,可设置机器的权重来分配机器的任务量

    #__author:  Administrator
    #date:  2017/3/10
    import sys
    import math
    from bisect import bisect
    
    if sys.version_info >= (2, 5):
        import hashlib
    
        md5_constructor = hashlib.md5
    else:
        import md5
    
        md5_constructor = md5.new
    
    
    class HashRing(object):
        """一致性哈希"""
    
        def __init__(self, nodes):
            '''初始化
            nodes : 初始化的节点,其中包含节点已经节点对应的权重
                    默认每一个节点有32个虚拟节点
                    对于权重,通过多创建虚拟节点来实现
                    如:nodes = [
                            {'host':'127.0.0.1:8000','weight':1},
                            {'host':'127.0.0.1:8001','weight':2},
                            {'host':'127.0.0.1:8002','weight':1},
                        ]
            '''
    
            self.ring = dict()
            self._sorted_keys = []
    
            self.total_weight = 0
    
            self.__generate_circle(nodes)
    
        def __generate_circle(self, nodes):
            for node_info in nodes:
                self.total_weight += node_info.get('weight', 1)
    
            for node_info in nodes:
                weight = node_info.get('weight', 1)
                node = node_info.get('host', None)
    
                virtual_node_count = math.floor((32 * len(nodes) * weight) / self.total_weight)
                for i in range(0, int(virtual_node_count)):
                    key = self.gen_key_thirty_two('%s-%s' % (node, i))
                    if self._sorted_keys.__contains__(key):
                        raise Exception('该节点已经存在.')
                    self.ring[key] = node
                    self._sorted_keys.append(key)
    
        def add_node(self, node):
            ''' 新建节点
            node : 要添加的节点,格式为:{'host':'127.0.0.1:8002','weight':1},其中第一个元素表示节点,第二个元素表示该节点的权重。
            '''
            node = node.get('host', None)
            if not node:
                raise Exception('节点的地址不能为空.')
    
            weight = node.get('weight', 1)
    
            self.total_weight += weight
            nodes_count = len(self._sorted_keys) + 1
    
            virtual_node_count = math.floor((32 * nodes_count * weight) / self.total_weight)
            for i in range(0, int(virtual_node_count)):
                key = self.gen_key_thirty_two('%s-%s' % (node, i))
                if self._sorted_keys.__contains__(key):
                    raise Exception('该节点已经存在.')
                self.ring[key] = node
                self._sorted_keys.append(key)
    
        def remove_node(self, node):
            ''' 移除节点
            node : 要移除的节点 '127.0.0.1:8000'
            '''
            for key, value in self.ring.items():
                if value == node:
                    del self.ring[key]
                    self._sorted_keys.remove(key)
    
        def get_node(self, string_key):
            '''获取 string_key 所在的节点'''
            pos = self.get_node_pos(string_key)
            if pos is None:
                return None
            return self.ring[self._sorted_keys[pos]].split(':')
    
        def get_node_pos(self, string_key):
            '''获取 string_key 所在的节点的索引'''
            if not self.ring:
                return None
    
            key = self.gen_key_thirty_two(string_key)
            nodes = self._sorted_keys
            pos = bisect(nodes, key)
            return pos
    
        def gen_key_thirty_two(self, key):
    
            m = md5_constructor()
            m.update(bytes(key,encoding='utf-8'))
            return int(m.hexdigest(), 16)
    
        def gen_key_sixteen(self, key):
    
            b_key = self.__hash_digest(key)
            return self.__hash_val(b_key, lambda x: x)
    
        def __hash_val(self, b_key, entry_fn):
            return (
            (b_key[entry_fn(3)] << 24) | (b_key[entry_fn(2)] << 16) | (b_key[entry_fn(1)] << 8) | b_key[entry_fn(0)])
    
        def __hash_digest(self, key):
            m = md5_constructor()
            m.update(bytes(key, encoding='utf-8'))
            return map(ord, m.digest())
    
    
    
    nodes = [
        {'host':'127.0.0.1:8000','weight':5},
        {'host':'127.0.0.1:8001','weight':1},
        {'host':'127.0.0.1:8002','weight':5},
    ]
    
    ring = HashRing(nodes)
    result = ring.get_node('asdfasdfasdf')
    print(result)
    View Code

     四、form验证,生成html标签

    1)自定义版本form验证

    import tornado.web
    import re
    class StringField:
        def __init__(self,name):
            self.rex = "^w+$"
            self.name = name
            self.value = ''
            self.error = ""
    
        def __str__(self):
            return "<input type='text' name='%s' value='%s' />" %(self.name,self.value,)
    class EmailField:
        def __init__(self,name):
            self.rex = "^w+@.*$"
            self.name = name
            self.value = ''
            self.error = ""
        def __str__(self):
            return "<input type='text' name='%s' value='%s' />" %(self.name,self.value,)
    
    class LoginForm:
        def __init__(self):
            self.user = StringField(name='user')
            self.email = EmailField(name='email')
    
        def is_valid(self,handler):
            value_dict = {}
            flag = True
            for k,v in self.__dict__.items():
                inp = handler.get_argument(k)
                # 1: k=user,  inp='asdf'  v ="w+" => StringField(name='user')
                # 1: k=email,  inp='asdfasdf'  v ="^w+@.*$" => EmailField(name='email')
                rex = re.match(v.rex,inp)
                v.value = inp
                if rex:
                    value_dict[k] = inp
                else:
                    v.error = '%s 错误了..' %k
                    flag = False
            return flag,value_dict
    
    class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    
        def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
            obj = LoginForm()
            self.render('login.html',**{'obj': obj})
    
        def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
            obj = LoginForm()
            valid,value_dict = obj.is_valid(self)
            print(valid,value_dict)
            if valid:
                print(value_dict)
            else:
                return self.render('login.html',**{'obj': obj})
    
    
    
    settings = {
        'static_path': 'static',
        'static_url_prefix': '/sss/',
        'template_path':'templates',
    }
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
    ],**settings)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        application.listen(8888)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    View Code

    五、pymysql连接数据库测试登录版本的tornado

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    #-*-coding: utf-8 -*-
    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    import pymysql
    
    class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):  #get 和 post的区别,get,url中传输数据
            self.render("login.html")
    
        def post(self, *args, **kwargs):  # 获取用户提交的数据a
            username = self.get_argument('username', None)  # 获取数据,通过,get_argument
            pwd = self.get_argument('pwd', None)
    
            # 创建数据库连接
            conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='', db='db1')
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            # temp = "select name from userinfo where name='%s' and password = '%s'" % (username, pwd)    # 不安全
            # print(temp)
            effect_row = cursor.execute("select name from userinfo where name= %s and password = %s ", (username, pwd,))  #安全些
            result = cursor.fetchone()
            conn.commit()
            cursor.close()
            conn.close()
            if result:
                self.write('登录成功')
            else:
                self.write('登录失败')
    
    settings = {
        "template_path":"template", # 模板路径
        'static_path': 'static',     # 静态文件的处理,即对css文件的处理
        'static_url_prefix': '/static/',    # 静态文件的前缀
    }
    
    # 路由映射,路由系统
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/login", MainHandler),       # ==》login.html
    ],**settings)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        application.listen(8888)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    View Code

     2. login.html 文件

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form action="/login" method="post">
            <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户" />
            <input type="text" name="pwd" placeholder="密码" />
            <input type="submit" />
        </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    login.html

     三、在tornado中定义模板路径

    在模板中默认提供了一些函数、字段、类以供模板使用:

    • escapetornado.escape.xhtml_escape 的別名
    • xhtml_escapetornado.escape.xhtml_escape 的別名
    • url_escapetornado.escape.url_escape 的別名
    • json_encodetornado.escape.json_encode 的別名
    • squeezetornado.escape.squeeze 的別名
    • linkifytornado.escape.linkify 的別名
    • datetime: Python 的 datetime 模组
    • handler: 当前的 RequestHandler 对象
    • requesthandler.request 的別名
    • current_userhandler.current_user 的別名
    • localehandler.locale 的別名
    • _handler.locale.translate 的別名
    • static_url: for handler.static_url 的別名
    • xsrf_form_htmlhandler.xsrf_form_html 的別名

    Tornado默认提供的这些功能其实本质上就是 UIMethod 和 UIModule,我们也可以自定义从而实现类似于Django的simple_tag的功能:
    1、定义

    def tab(self):
        return 'UIMethod'
    uimethods.py
    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    from tornado.web import UIModule
    from tornado import escape
    
    class custom(UIModule):
    
        def render(self, *args, **kwargs):
            return escape.xhtml_escape('<h1>user</h1>')
            #return escape.xhtml_escape('<h1>user</h1>')
    uimodules.py

    2、注册

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    
    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    from tornado.escape import linkify
    import uimodules as md
    import uimethods as mt
    
    class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self):
            self.render('index.html')
    
    settings = {
        'template_path': 'template',
        'static_path': 'static',
        'static_url_prefix': '/static/',
        'ui_methods': mt,
        'ui_modules': md,
    }
    
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/index", MainHandler),
    ], **settings)
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        application.listen(8009)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    main.py

    3、使用

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head lang="en">
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title></title>
        <link href="{{static_url("commons.css")}}" rel="stylesheet" />
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>hello</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    index.html

     四、关于tornado的cookie的认识

    cookie值即是用户登录系统后所有产生的cookie值,保留这种用户的客户端,再次登录只需要验证cookie值,就可登录成功

    1、定义一个首页

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>首页</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    index.html

    2、定义登录页

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <form action="/login" method="post">
            <input type="text" name="username" />
            <input type="password" name="password" />
            <input type="submit" value="登录" />
            <span style="color: red">{{status_text}}</span>
        </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    login.html

    3、定义登录后才见到的页面

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <a href="/logout">退出</a>
        <h1>银行卡余额1000</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    manager.html

    4、主程序。逻辑关系的呈现

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    #-*-coding: utf8-*-
    
    # 项目一,关于cookis的认识
    #     viems文件夹
    #         index.html  主页
    #         login.html  登录页
    #         manager.html    登录能看的页
    #     __init__.py
    #     runmain.py
    
    
    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.web
    
    # 定义首页
    class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self,*args,**kwargs):
            self.render('index.html',)
    
    # 定义需要登录才能看到的页面,即需要有cookie
    class ManagerHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self,*args,**kwargs):
            co = self.get_cookie('auth')
            if co == '1':
                self.render('manager.html',)
            else:
                self.redirect("/login")
    # 定义登录后出现的退出程序
    class LogoutHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
            self.get_cookie('auth','0')
            self.render('/login' )
    
    # 定义登录页,如果成功,则产生cookie
    class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self,*args,**kwargs):
            self.render('login.html',status_text="")
    
        def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
            username = self.get_argument('username',None)
            pwd = self.get_argument('password',None)
            if username == 'user' and pwd == "sb":
                self.set_cookie('auth','1')
                self.redirect('/manager')
            else:
                self.render('login.html',status_text="登录失败")
    
    settings = {
        'template_path':'viems',
    }
    
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/index", IndexHandler),
        (r"/login", LoginHandler),
        (r"/manager", ManagerHandler),
        (r"/logout",LogoutHandler)
    ], **settings)
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        application.listen(8888)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    runmain.py

     运行程序,检验其逻辑关系,各个页面。127.0.0.1:8888/index ,127.0.0.1:8888/login,各个cookie值

    5、补充cookie保存的时间,增加cookie值带的用户名

    class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
        def get(self,*args,**kwargs):
            self.render('login.html',status_text="")
    
        def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
            username = self.get_argument('username',None)
            pwd = self.get_argument('password',None)
            check = self.get_argument('auto',None)
            if username == 'user' and pwd == "sb":
                if check:
                    self.set_cookie('username',username,expires_days=7)
                    self.set_cookie('auth','1',expires_days=7)
                else:
                    r = time.time() + 100
                    self.set_cookie('auth','1',expires=r)
                    self.set_cookie('username', username, expires=r)
                self.redirect('/manager')
            else:
                self.render('login.html',status_text="登录失败")
    time()_cookies.py
    <body>
        <form action="/login" method="post">
            <input type="text" name="username" />
            <input type="password" name="password" />
            <input type="checkbox" name="auto" value="1" />7天免登录
            <input type="submit" value="登录" />
    
            <span style="color: red">{{status_text}}</span>
        </form>
    </body>
    time()_cookie.html
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/linu/p/8139225.html
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