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  • Linux运维之shell脚本进阶篇

    常用脚本for 循环,和nginx的启动

    1)for循环示例

    [root@game updata]# cat pvzgame_jar.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    
    SERVERS=(
    pvzgame_quick_001
    pvzgame_quick_002
    )
    
    for var in ${SERVERS[@]} 
    do
       mv /opt/htdocs/$var/${var}.jar /opt/htdocs/$var/${var}.jar.bak.2019.5.22
       cp /root/updata/game_pvz_17-39.jar  /opt/htdocs/$var/${var}.jar
       echo "文件更新完成:"$var
    done
    for循环更改文件

     2)nginx启动脚本示例

    #!/bin/bash
    
    # [ -e $PID ]   -e 存在
    PROCESS=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  
    PID=/var/run/nginx.pid
    start(){
        if [ -e $PID ];then   
          echo -e "33[34m nginx already running... 33[0m"
        else
          $PROCESS
          echo -e "33[34m ngins start OK 33[0m"
          exit 0
        fi
    }
    
    stop(){
      if [ -e $PID ];then
         $PROCESS -s stop
         echo -e "33[34m nginx stop OK ... 33[0m"
      else
         echo -e "33[34m nginx not running... 33[0m"
      fi
    }
    
    
    reload(){
      if [ -e $PID ];then
        $PROCESS -s reload
        echo -e "33[34m nginx is reload ... 33[0m"
      else
        echo -e "33[31m nginx not running ... 33[0m"
      fi
    }
    
    configtest(){
      $PROCESS -t
    }
    
    status(){
      if [ -e $PID ];then
         echo -e "33[34m nginx already running... 33[0m"
      else
         echo -e "33[31m nginx not running ... 33[0m"
      fi
    }
    
    case $1 in
      start)
          start
        ;;
    
      stop)
        stop
        ;;
      reload)
        reload
        ;;
      configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
      status)
        status
        ;;
      *)
      echo -e $"33[31m Usage: $prog {start|stop|reload|configtest|status}33[0m"
      ;;
    esac
    nginx

    一、if语句的使用

    1)语法规则

    if [条件]
        then
            指令
    fi
    或
    if [条件];then
        指令
    fi
    提示:分号相当于命令换行,上面两种语法等同
    特殊写法;if[ -f"$file1" ];then echo 1;fi 相当于[ -f"$file1" ] && echo 1

    2)多分支结构语法

    多分支结构;语法
    if 条件
      then
        指令集
    elif 条件		  #多个
      then
        指令集
    else
        指令集
    fi  

    3)比较大小的案例

       案例一,交互式的

    #!/bin/sh
    read -p "pls input two num:" a b
    if [ $a -lt $b ];then
        echo "yes,$a less than $b"
        exit
    fi
    if [ $a -eq $b ];then
        echo "yes,$a eaual than $b"
        exit
    fi
    if [ $a -gt $b ];then
        echo "yes,$a greater than $b"
        exit
    fi
    

      案例二,命令行输入比较大小

    [root@tomcat day1]# cat ifif.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    a=$1
    b=$2
    [ $# -ne 2 ] && {
      echo "USAGE:$0 NUM1 NUM2"
      exit 1
    }
    
    expr $a + 0 &>/dev/null
    RETVAL1=$?
    expr $b + 0 &>/dev/null
    RETVAL2=$?
    
    test $RETVAL1 -eq 0 -a $RETVAL2 -eq 0 ||{
      echo "Pla input two intnum again"
      exit 2
    }
    
    if [ $a -lt $b ]
      then
        echo "$a < $b"
    elif [ $a -eq $b ]
      then
        echo "$a = $b"
    else
        echo "$a > $b"
    fi
    exit 0
    

    案例三,比较大小经典版

    [root@oldboy66 day2]# cat if_else.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    if [ $1 -eq $2 ]
       then
    	echo "$1=$2"
    	exit
    elif [ $1 -gt $2 ]
       then
            echo "$1>$2"
            exit
    else
       echo "$1<$2"
       exit
    fi

    4)判定在特定目录下创建文件的案例

    [root@oldboy66 day2]# cat if4.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    path=/server/scripts
    file=if3.sh
    if [ ! -d $path ];then
        mkdir -p $path
        echo "$path is not exist,already created it."
    fi
    
    if [ ! -f $path/$file ];then
        touch $path/$file
        echo "$path/$file is not exist,already created it."
        exit
    fi
    echo "ls -l $path/$file"
    ls -l $path/$file
    

    5)查看内存,测试邮件报警

    1)安装sendmail邮件工具
    yum install sendmail -y
    /etc/init.d/sendmail start
    2)获取内存大小
    [root@oldboy66 day2]# free -m
                 total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
    Mem:           980        906         73          0        135        489
    -/+ buffers/cache:        282        698
    Swap:          511          0        511
    [root@oldboy66 day2]# free -m|grep buffers/
    -/+ buffers/cache:        281        698
    [root@oldboy66 day2]# free -m|grep buffers/|awk '{print $NF}'
    698
    3)写入脚本
    [root@oldboy66 day3]# cat check_mem.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    used_men=`free -m|awk 'NR==3 {print $NF}'`
    if [ $used_men -lt 800 ];then
       echo "men is not enough,$used_men"
       echo "men is not enough.$used_men."|mail -s "men warning $(date +%F)" 1111111111@qq.com
    fi
    4)qq邮箱设置
    打开qq邮箱===》“设置” ====》“反垃圾”=====》
    “设置邮件地址白名单”=====》添加“root@tomcat.localdomain”
    5)执行脚本,收到邮件
    6)写入定时任务
    [root@oldboy66 ~]# crontab -e
    ###发邮件mail,mutt。Sendmail服务要开启,定时任务报警
    */3 * * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/day3/check_mem.sh &>/dev/null
    

    二、检测mysql服务是否启动,如果没启动,就去启动

    1)检测思路

    netstat -lntup|grep 3306        看端口
    ps -ef|grep mysql		看进程
    mysql -u root -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select version();"	(多实例)登录进去看版本取返回值
    	+-----------+
    	| version() |
    	+-----------+
    	| 5.5.32    |
    	+-----------+
    mysql -u root -poldboy -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select version();" &>/dev/null
    echo $?
    

    2)检测启动脚本

    方法一;根据端口

    mysql单实例检测端口
    [root@tomcat ]# cat port.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    port=`netstat -lntup|grep 3306|wc -l`
    if [ $port -ne 1 ]
    	then
    		/etc/init.d/mysqld start
    	else
    		echo "MySQL is running"
    fi
    

    方法二;根据进程

    mysql检测进程
    [root@tomcat ]# cat process.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    process=`ps -ef|grep mysql|grep -v grep|wc -l`
    if [ $process -ne 2 ]
    	then
    		/etc/init.d/mysqld start
    	else
    		echo "MySQL is running"
    fi
    ### sh -x process.sh  	#注意事项 调试。使用进程脚本不要用到mysql的名字
    

     三、检查web服务是否启动

    1)简单的检查web是否启动

    [root@linux day3]# cat check_web.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    http_code=`curl -I -s -w "%{http_code}" -o /dev/null 192.168.1.50:50080`
    if [ $http_code -ne 200 ]
       then
           echo "web is error"
       else
           echo "web is ok"
    fi
    

    2)利用系统函数,实现脚本启动的特殊颜色效果,开发web服务的启动脚本

    [root@linux day4]# cat start_nginx.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    . /etc/init.d/functions
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
       then
           echo "USAGE $0 {start|stop|restart}"
       exit 1
    fi
    if [ "$1" == "start" ]
       then
           action "start nginx" /bin/true
    elif [ "$1" == "stop" ]
       then
           action "stop nginx" /bin/true
    
    elif [ "$1" == "restart" ]
       then
           action "restart nginx" /bin/true
    else
       echo "USAGE $0 {start|stop|restart}"
       exit 1
    fi
    

    3)增加函数功能,实现上面的例子

    [root@linux day4]# cat start_nginx02.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    . /etc/init.d/functions
    start_nginx=/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
    USAGE()
    {       
       echo "USAGE $0 {start|stop|restart}"
       exit 1
    }
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]
       then
           USAGE
    fi
    if [ "$1" == "start" ]
       then
           $start_nginx
           action "start nginx" /bin/true
    elif [ "$1" == "stop" ]
       then
           killall nginx
           action "stop nginx" /bin/true
    
    elif [ "$1" == "restart" ]
       then
           pkill nginx
           sleep 2
           $start_nginx
           action "restart nginx" /bin/true
    else
       USAGE
       exit 1
    fi
    

    四、shell函数

    1)函数语法

    shell函数语法
    函数名()
    {
    	指令
    	return n
    }
    或
    function 函数名()
    {
    	指令
    	return n
    }
    

    2)函数说明

    【函数带参数的说明】
    1:函数体中位置参数($1、$2、$3、$4、$5、$#、$*、$?以及$@)都可以是函数的参数
    2:父脚本的参数则临时地被函数参数所掩盖或隐藏
    3:$0比较特殊,它仍然是父脚本的名称
    4:当函数完成时,原来的命令行参数会恢复
    5:在shell函数里面,return命令的功能的工作方式与exit相同,用于跳出函数
    6:在shell函数体里使用exit会终止整个shell脚本
    7:return语句会返回一个退出值给调用的程序
    

    3)函数调用例子

    [root@linux day4]# cat fun01.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    oldboy01(){
       echo "I am caojin linux"
    }
    oldboy01
    [root@linux day4]# sh fun01.sh 
    I am caojin linux
    

    4)函数传参,判断web服务是否正常

    [root@linux day4]# cat check_web_by_fun.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    function Check_Url()
    {
    	curl -I -s $1 |head -1 && return 0||return 1
    }
    Check_Url $1
    [root@linux day4]# sh check_web_by_fun.sh 192.168.1.50:50080
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    [root@linux day4]# sh check_web_by_fun.sh baidu.com
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    

    五、开发mysql·的启动脚本

    1)简单版

    已知mysql多实例启动命令为:mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3306/my.cnf &
    停止命令为:mysqladmin -u root -p123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock shutdown
    =============================================================================
    下面是单实例脚本
    #!/bin/sh
    . /etc/init.d/functions
    path="/application/mysql/bin"
    function usage(){
        echo "$0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 1
    }
    [ $# -ne 1 ] && usage
    
    function start_mysql(){
        $path/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]
            then
                action "start mysql" /bin/true
            else
                action "start mysql" /bin/false
        fi    
    }
    function stop_mysql(){
        mysqladmin -u root -p123456 shutdown
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]
            then
                action "stop mysql" /bin/true
            else
                action "stop mysql" /bin/false
        fi
    }
    if [ "$1" == "start" ]
        then
            start_mysql
    elif [ "$1" == "stop" ]
        then
            stop_mysql
    elif [ "$1" == "restart" ]
        then
            stop_mysql
            sleep 2
            start_mysql
    else 
        usage        
    fi
    View Code

    2)优化版,去掉mysql的启动输出

    #!/bin/sh
    . /etc/init.d/functions
    # chkconfig: 2345 21 60
    # description: start mysql and stop mysql scripts
    path="/application/mysql/bin"
    user=root
    pass=123456
    function usage(){
        echo "$0 {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 1
    }
    [ $# -ne 1 ] && usage
    
    function start_mysql(){
        $path/mysqld_safe --user=mysql >dev/null 2>&1 &
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]
            then
                action "start mysql" /bin/true
            else
                action "start mysql" /bin/false
        fi    
    }
    function stop_mysql(){
        mysqladmin -u$user -p$pass shutdown >dev/null 2>&1
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]
            then
                action "stop mysql" /bin/true
            else
                action "stop mysql" /bin/false
        fi
    }
    if [ "$1" == "start" ]
        then
            start_mysql
    elif [ "$1" == "stop" ]
        then
            stop_mysql
    elif [ "$1" == "restart" ]
        then
            stop_mysql
            sleep 2
            start_mysql
    else 
        usage        
    fi
    View Code

    3)添加到开机启动

    1)测试OK
    2)cp start_db.sh /etc/init.d/mysqld
    3)chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
    4)chkconfig --list mysqld
    5)chkconfig --add mysqld
    6)chkconfig mysqld on
    7)chkconfig --list mysqld
    8)ll /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/|grep mysqld

    # chkconfig: 2345 21 60 #2345 启动级别,  #21 开机启动顺序, # 60 关机顺序

    六、输出颜色方法

    1)echo 输出字符串显示不同颜色范例

    echo -e "33[30m 黑色字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    echo -e "33[31m 红色字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    echo -e "33[32m 绿色字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    echo -e "33[33m 黄色字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    echo -e "33[34m 蓝色字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    echo -e "33[35m 紫字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    echo -e "33[36m 天蓝字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    echo -e "33[37m 白色字caojin tarinning 33[0m"
    

    2)字背景颜色范围:40------47

    echo -e "40;37m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"
    echo -e "41;37m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"
    echo -e "42;37m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"
    echo -e "43;37m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"
    echo -e "44;37m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"
    echo -e "45;37m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"
    echo -e "46;37m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"
    echo -e "47;30m 黑底白字 whlcome to China33[0m"

    3)简单颜色脚本

    [root@oldboy66 day4]# cat echo-color.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    RED_COLOR='E[1;31m'
    GREEN_COLOR='E[1;32m'
    YELLOW_COLOR='E[1;33m'
    BLUE_COLOR='E[1;34m'
    PINK='E[1;35m'
    RES='E[0m'
    echo -e "${RED_COLOR}====red color===={$RES}"
    echo -e "${YELLOW_COLOR}====yellow color===={$RES}"
    echo -e "${BLUE_COLOR}====blue color===={$RES}"
    echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}====green color===={$RES}"
    echo -e "${PINK}====pink color===={$RES}"
    View Code

    七、case结构条件句

    1)基本语法

    case "字符串变量" in
    	值1)指令1...
    ;;
    	值2)指令2...
    ;;
    	*)指令...
    esac
    

    2)case创建水果菜单,增加特殊颜色

    [root@linux day4]# cat fruit_menu.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    RED_COLOR='E[1;31m'
    GREEN_COLOR='E[1;32m'
    YELLOW_COLOR='E[1;33m'
    BLUE_COLOR='E[1;33m'
    RES='E[0m'
    menu(){
    cat <<END
    ==========
    1.apple
    2.pear
    3.banana
    4.exit
    =========
    END
    }
    while true
    do menu
    read -p "pls input your choice:" fruit
    case "$fruit" in
        1)
          echo -e "$RED_COLOR apple $RES"
          ;;
        2)
          echo -e "$GREEN_COLOR pear $RES"
          ;;
        3)
          echo -e "$YELLOW_COLOR banana $RES"
          ;;
        4)
          exit 0
          ;;
        *)
          echo -e "no fruit you choose."
    esac
    done
    View Code

    3)利用传参的形式给对象增加颜色

    [root@oldboy66 day4]# cat plus_color.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    RED_COLOR='E[1;31m'
    GREEN_COLOR='E[1;32m'
    YELLOW_COLOR='E[1;33m'
    BLUE_COLOR='E[1;34m'
    PINK='E[1;35m'
    RES='E[0m'
    if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
        echo "Usage $0 content {red|yellow|blue|green}"
        exit
    fi
    case "$2" in
        red|RED)
            echo -e "${RED_COLOR}$1${RES}"
            ;;
        green|RED)
            echo -e "${GREEN_COLOR}$1${RES}"
            ;;
        yellow|RED)
            echo -e "${YELLOW_COLOR}$1${RES}"
            ;;
        blue|RED)
            echo -e "${BLUE_COLOR}$1${RES}"
            ;;
        pink|RED)
            echo -e "${PINK_COLOR}$1${RES}"
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Usage $0 content {red|yellow|blue|green}"
            exit
    esac
    View Code

    4)案例开发类似于rsync的启动脚本

    例如:/etc/init.d/rsynd {start|stop|restart}
    [root@oldboy66 etc]# rsync --daemon
    [root@oldboy66 etc]# lsof -i :873
    COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
    rsync   6056 root    4u  IPv4  22839      0t0  TCP *:rsync (LISTEN)
    rsync   6056 root    5u  IPv6  22840      0t0  TCP *:rsync (LISTEN)
    [root@oldboy66 etc]# cat /var/run/rsyncd.pid
    6056        目的生成pid        根据pid来做操作
    [root@oldboy66 day5]# cat rsyncd.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    pidfile="/var/run/rsyncd.pid"
    start_rsync(){
    if [ -f "$pidfile" ]
       then
           echo "rsync is running"
       else
           rsync --daemon
           echo "rsync is started"
    fi
    }
    stop_rsync(){
    if [ -f $pidfile ]
       then
           kill -USR2 `cat $pidfile`
           rm -f ${pidfile}
           echo "rsync is stopped"
       else
           echo "rsync have already been stopped"
    fi
    }
    case "$1" in
       start)
           start_rsync
           RETVAL=$?
           ;;
       stop)
           stop_rsync
           RETVAL=$?
           ;;
       restart)
           stop_rsync
           sleep 2
           start_rsync
           RETVAL=$?
           ;;
       *)
           echo "USACE:$0 {start|stop|restart}"
           exit 1
    esac
    exit $RETVAL
    View Code

    注意:此脚本并不完善,可以加载函数,添加颜色,让其开机自启动(chkconfig)

     八、while循环,以及until循环

    1)while语法

    while 条件句
    	do
    	指令...
    done
    

    2)until语法

    until 条件
    	do
    	指令....
    done
    

    3)while循环,守护进程举例

    提示:while true表示永远为真,因此会一直运行,像死循环一样,但是我们称呼为守护进程

    [root@linux day5]# cat while.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    while true
    do
       uptime
       sleep 2
    done
    

    脚本在后台执行

    脚本在后台执行知识扩展:
    功能			用途
    sh while.sh &		把脚本while.sh放到后台执行
    ctrl+c			停止执行当前脚本或任务
    ctrl+z			暂停执行当前脚本或任务
    bg			把当前脚本或任务放到后台执行	background
    fg			当前脚本或任务拿到前台执行,如果
    

    如果执行的脚本忘记在后台执行

    [root@oldboy66 day5]# sh while.sh 
    
    ^Z
    [1]+  Stopped                 sh while.sh
    [root@oldboy66 day5]# bg
    [1]+ sh while.sh &
    [root@oldboy66 day5]#
    

    4)while计算1加到100的和

    方法一

    [root@linux day5]# cat while_sum.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    i=1
    sum=0
    while [ $i -le 100 ]
    do
       let sum=sum+i
       let i=i+1
    done
    echo $sum
    [root@oldboy66 day5]# sh while_sum.sh
    5050
    

    方法二

    [root@linux day5]# sh while_sum.sh
    5050
    或
    [root@oldboy66 day5]# cat while_sum2.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    i=1
    sum=0
    while ((i < 101))
    do
       ((sum=sum+i))
       ((i++))
    done
    echo $sum
    

    5)计算Apache一天的日志access_2016-12-8.log中所有行的日志各元素的访问字节数的总和。给出实现程序。用while循环实现

    [root@linux day5]# cat log.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    sum=0
    i=0
    while read line
    do
       i=$(echo $line|awk '{print $10}') 
       if expr $i + 0 &>/dev/null
          then
           	 ((sum=sum+i))
       fi
    done <access_2015_12_8.log
    echo $sum
    

    6)while循环做抓阄小游戏

    要求:

       [ 1 ]每个人都输入名字,然后随机产生不同的数字(1--99)

       [ 2 ]第一个输入名字后,屏幕输出信息,并将名字和数字记录到文件里,程序不能退出,继续等待别的学生输入。

     [ 3 ]输出的名字与对应的数字的最大则是被抓到的人

    http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/1308647
    [root@localhost test]# cat za.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    [ ! -f file ] && touch file
    while true;
    do
        read -p '输入:' you
        if [ -n "$you" ] && ! egrep "^$you.*" file;then
              while true;
              do
                    rannum=$(expr $RANDOM % 991)
                    if ! egrep "$you number is $rannum" file ;then
                        echo "$you number is $rannum" >> file
                        break
                    fi
              done
              if [ "$you" == 'exit' ];then
                    break
              fi
        fi
    done
    [root@localhost test]# sh za.sh 
    输入:asd
    输入:qwe
    输入:asd
    asd number is 40
    输入:qwe
    qwe number is 1
    输入:
    View Code

    七、rsync 数据同步

    范例:每10秒钟做一次rsync binlog推送,通过守护进程方式,写完脚本后台执行。当配好rsync服务时,可以直接用的脚本

    [root@linux day5]# cat rsync_binlog.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    while true
    do
       rsync -az /data/3306/mysql-bin* rsync_backup@192.168.1.49::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password &
       sleep 10
    done
    

    八、for循环

    1)for循环简单例子

    [root@linux day6]# cat for.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    for n in 5 4 3 2 1
    do
       echo $n
    done
    

    2)开发脚本实现仅设置sshd rsyslog crond network sysstat开机自启动

    [root@linux day6]# cat auto_start.sh
    #!/bin/sh
    for name in `chkconfig --list|grep 3:on|awk '{print $1}'`
    do
       chkconfig $name off
    done
    for name in rsyslog network crond sshd systtat
    do
       chkconfig $name on
    done
    

    3)for循环在/oldboy目录下批量创建10个文件,名称依次为:oldboy-1.html.....

    [root@linux day6]# cat for_mkdir.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    [ ! -d /oldboy ] && mkdir -p /oldboy
    for i in `seq 10`
    do
       touch /oldboy/oldboy-${i}.html
    done
    

    4)用for循环实现将以上文件名中的oldboy全部改为Linux,并且扩展名改为大写。要求for循环的循环体不能出现oldboy字符串

    [root@linux day6]# cat for_xiugai.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    for i in `seq 10`
    do
       cd /oldboy
       mv oldboy-$i.html linux-$i.HTML
    done
    或
    [root@linux day6]# cat for_xiugai2.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    cd /oldboy
    for f in `ls *.html`
    do
    #   mv $f `echo $f|sed 's#oldboy#linux#g'|sed 's#html#HTML#g'`
        mv $f `echo $f|sed 's#oldboy(.*).html#linux1.HTML#g'`
    done
    View Code

    批量改名案例:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/711342

    5)批量创建10个用户并设置密码

    [root@linux day6]# cat for_mima.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    for n in `seq -w 10`
    do
       useradd oldboy$n &&
       echo "root$n"|passwd --stdin oldboy$n
    done
    或
    [root@linux day6]# cat for_mima2.sh 
    #!/bin/sh
    for n in `seq -w 10`
    do
        useradd oldboy$n -p root$n
    #   userdel -r oldboy$n
    #   useradd oldboy$n &&
    #   echo "root$n"|passwd --stdin oldboy$n
    done
    View Code

    九、随机数

    1)获取随机数的7个方法

    [root@linux day6]# echo $RANDOM
    [root@linux day6]# openssl rand -base64 8
    [root@linux day6]# date +%s%N
    [root@linux day6]# head /dev/urandom|cksum
    [root@linux day6]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid
    [root@linux day6]# yum install expect -y
    [root@linux day6]# mkpasswd -l 8
    

    2)生产随机数

    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo $RANDOM
    17123
    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo $RANDOM
    23696
    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo $((RANDOM+10000000))
    10028068
    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo $((RANDOM+10000000))
    10016282
    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 1-8
    100764b3
    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo $RANDOM|md5sum|cut -c 1-8
    3447b18d
    下面是高级随机
    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo "`date`$RANDOM"|md5sum|cut -c 1-8
    c78d73a8
    [root@oldboy66 day6]# echo "`date`$RANDOM"|md5sum|cut -c 1-8
    82d4b31e
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/linu/p/8525953.html
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