QLineEdit是一个单行文本编辑控件。
使用者可以通过很多函数,输入和编辑单行文本,比如撤销、恢复、剪切、粘贴以及拖放等。
通过改变 QLineEdit 的 echoMode() ,可以设置其属性,比如以密码的形式输入。
文本的长度可以由 maxLength() 限制,可以通过使用 validator() 或者 inputMask() 可以限制它只能输入数字。
我们可以使用 setText() 或者 insert() 改变其中的文本,通过 text() 获得文本,通过 displayText() 获得显示的文本,使用 setSelection() 或者 selectAll() 选中文本,选中的文本可以通过cut()、copy()、paste()进行剪切、复制和粘贴,使用 setAlignment() 设置文本的位置。
文本改变时会发出 textChanged() 信号;如果不是由 setText() 造成文本的改变,那么会发出 textEdit() 信号;鼠标光标改变时会发出 cursorPostionChanged() 信号;当返回键或者回车键按下时,会发出 returnPressed() 信号。
当编辑结束,或者 LineEdit 失去了焦点,或者当返回/回车键按下时,editFinished() 信号将会发出。
与 QLineEdit 相关的一个类是 QTextEdit,它允许多行文字以及富文本编辑。
以上是 Qt 官方文档对 QLineEdit 的简要说明,下面根据个人经验,对一些常用的方法作说明:
setPlaceholderText()设置提示文字
豆瓣电影的搜索输入框,没有输入任何字符时,显示“电影、影人、影院、电视剧”这些占位文字,对用户输入作相关提示。
echoLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("电影、影人、影院、电视剧");
setEchoMode()设置模式
淘宝登录界面的一部分,用户名可以直接看到,密码一般都用小黑点掩盖。
switch (index) {
case 0:
// 默认,输入什么即显示什么
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Normal);
break;
case 1:
// 密码,一般是用小黑点覆盖你所输入的字符
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Password);
break;
case 2:
// 编辑时输入字符显示输入内容,否则用小黑点代替
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::PasswordEchoOnEdit);
break;
case 3:
// 任何输入都看不见(只是看不见,不是不能输入)
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::NoEcho);
}
setAlignment()设置文本位置
switch (index) {
case 0:
alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);
break;
case 1:
alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
break;
case 2:
alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
}
setReadOnly()设置能否编辑
switch (index) {
case 0:
accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(false);
break;
case 1:
accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(true);
}
setValidator()对输入进行限制
这种方式的实质是通过正则表达式限制输入的内容。
switch (index) {
case 0:
// 无限制
validatorLineEdit->setValidator(0);
break;
case 1:
// 只能输入整数
validatorLineEdit->setValidator(new QIntValidator(
validatorLineEdit));
break;
case 2:
// 实例,只能输入-180到180之间的小数,小数点后最多两位(可用于限制经纬度等)
QDoubleValidator *pDfValidator = new QDoubleValidator(-180.0, 180.0 , 2, validatorLineEdit);
pDfValidator->setNotation(QDoubleValidator::StandardNotation);
validatorLineEdit->setValidator(pDfValidator);
}
setInputMask()对输入进行限制
通过限制格式限制输入,具体怎么格式化可以参考Qt助手。
switch (index) {
case 0:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("");
break;
case 1:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("+99 99 99 99 99;_");
break;
case 2:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("0000-00-00");
inputMaskLineEdit->setText("00000000");
inputMaskLineEdit->setCursorPosition(0);
break;
case 3:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask(">AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA;#");
}
setMaxLength()设置可以输入的最多字符数
// 最多只能输入9个字符
echoLineEdit->setMaxLength(9);
validator和inputmask的结合
比如纬度用 “度:分:秒” 的格式表示,分和秒的范围都是 00-59,度的范围是 -89 到 89。
QRegExp rx("(-|\+)?[0-8]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d");
echoLineEdit->setValidator(new QRegExpValidator(rx, echoLineEdit));
echoLineEdit->setInputMask("#00:00:00;0");
echoLineEdit->setText("+00:00:00");
如果不控制输入,那么必须在输入后检查输入是否合法,但控制输入后的输入肯定是合法的,可以省去检查合法的繁琐步骤。只需使用正则表达式控制输入的度分秒范围,然后控制输入的格式。
还有一个例子:
QLineEdit *pIPLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
QLineEdit *pMACLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
QLineEdit *pDateLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
QLineEdit *pLicenseLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
pIPLineEdit->setInputMask("000.000.000.000;_");
pMACLineEdit->setInputMask("HH:HH:HH:HH:HH:HH;_");
pDateLineEdit->setInputMask("0000-00-00");
pLicenseLineEdit->setInputMask(">AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA;#");
测试代码
头文件:
#ifndef WINDOW_H
#define WINDOW_H
#include <QWidget>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QComboBox;
class QLineEdit;
QT_END_NAMESPACE
//! [0]
class Window : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Window();
public slots:
void echoChanged(int);
void validatorChanged(int);
void alignmentChanged(int);
void inputMaskChanged(int);
void accessChanged(int);
private:
QLineEdit *echoLineEdit;
QLineEdit *validatorLineEdit;
QLineEdit *alignmentLineEdit;
QLineEdit *inputMaskLineEdit;
QLineEdit *accessLineEdit;
};
//! [0]
#endif
实现:
#include <QtWidgets>
#include "window.h"
//! [0]
Window::Window()
{
QGroupBox *echoGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Echo"));
QLabel *echoLabel = new QLabel(tr("Mode:"));
QComboBox *echoComboBox = new QComboBox;
echoComboBox->addItem(tr("Normal"));
echoComboBox->addItem(tr("Password"));
echoComboBox->addItem(tr("PasswordEchoOnEdit"));
echoComboBox->addItem(tr("No Echo"));
echoLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
//test
/*QRegExp rx("(-|\+)?[0-8]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d");
echoLineEdit->setValidator(new QRegExpValidator(rx, echoLineEdit));
echoLineEdit->setInputMask("#00:00:00;0");
echoLineEdit->setText("+00:00:00");*/
//echoLineEdit->setMaxLength(9);
echoLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("电影、影人、影院、电视剧");
echoLineEdit->setFocus();
//! [0]
//! [1]
QGroupBox *validatorGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Validator"));
QLabel *validatorLabel = new QLabel(tr("Type:"));
QComboBox *validatorComboBox = new QComboBox;
validatorComboBox->addItem(tr("No validator"));
validatorComboBox->addItem(tr("Integer validator"));
validatorComboBox->addItem(tr("Double validator"));
validatorLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
validatorLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [1]
//! [2]
QGroupBox *alignmentGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Alignment"));
QLabel *alignmentLabel = new QLabel(tr("Type:"));
QComboBox *alignmentComboBox = new QComboBox;
alignmentComboBox->addItem(tr("Left"));
alignmentComboBox->addItem(tr("Centered"));
alignmentComboBox->addItem(tr("Right"));
alignmentLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
alignmentLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [2]
//! [3]
QGroupBox *inputMaskGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Input mask"));
QLabel *inputMaskLabel = new QLabel(tr("Type:"));
QComboBox *inputMaskComboBox = new QComboBox;
inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("No mask"));
inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("Phone number"));
inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("ISO date"));
inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("License key"));
inputMaskLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
inputMaskLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [3]
//! [4]
QGroupBox *accessGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Access"));
QLabel *accessLabel = new QLabel(tr("Read-only:"));
QComboBox *accessComboBox = new QComboBox;
accessComboBox->addItem(tr("False"));
accessComboBox->addItem(tr("True"));
accessLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
accessLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [4]
//! [5]
connect(echoComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
this, SLOT(echoChanged(int)));
connect(validatorComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
this, SLOT(validatorChanged(int)));
connect(alignmentComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
this, SLOT(alignmentChanged(int)));
connect(inputMaskComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
this, SLOT(inputMaskChanged(int)));
connect(accessComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
this, SLOT(accessChanged(int)));
//! [5]
//! [6]
QGridLayout *echoLayout = new QGridLayout;
echoLayout->addWidget(echoLabel, 0, 0);
echoLayout->addWidget(echoComboBox, 0, 1);
echoLayout->addWidget(echoLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
echoGroup->setLayout(echoLayout);
//! [6]
//! [7]
QGridLayout *validatorLayout = new QGridLayout;
validatorLayout->addWidget(validatorLabel, 0, 0);
validatorLayout->addWidget(validatorComboBox, 0, 1);
validatorLayout->addWidget(validatorLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
validatorGroup->setLayout(validatorLayout);
QGridLayout *alignmentLayout = new QGridLayout;
alignmentLayout->addWidget(alignmentLabel, 0, 0);
alignmentLayout->addWidget(alignmentComboBox, 0, 1);
alignmentLayout->addWidget(alignmentLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
alignmentGroup-> setLayout(alignmentLayout);
QGridLayout *inputMaskLayout = new QGridLayout;
inputMaskLayout->addWidget(inputMaskLabel, 0, 0);
inputMaskLayout->addWidget(inputMaskComboBox, 0, 1);
inputMaskLayout->addWidget(inputMaskLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
inputMaskGroup->setLayout(inputMaskLayout);
QGridLayout *accessLayout = new QGridLayout;
accessLayout->addWidget(accessLabel, 0, 0);
accessLayout->addWidget(accessComboBox, 0, 1);
accessLayout->addWidget(accessLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
accessGroup->setLayout(accessLayout);
//! [7]
//! [8]
QGridLayout *layout = new QGridLayout;
layout->addWidget(echoGroup, 0, 0);
layout->addWidget(validatorGroup, 1, 0);
layout->addWidget(alignmentGroup, 2, 0);
layout->addWidget(inputMaskGroup, 0, 1);
layout->addWidget(accessGroup, 1, 1);
setLayout(layout);
setWindowTitle(tr("Line Edits"));
}
//! [8]
//! [9]
void Window::echoChanged(int index)
{
switch (index) {
case 0:
//默认,输入什么即显示什么
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Normal);
break;
case 1:
//密码,一般是用小黑点覆盖你所输入的字符
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Password);
break;
case 2:
//编辑时输入字符显示输入内容,否则用小黑点代替
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::PasswordEchoOnEdit);
break;
case 3:
//任何输入都看不见(只是看不见,不是不能输入)
echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::NoEcho);
}
}
//! [9]
//! [10]
void Window::validatorChanged(int index)
{
switch (index) {
case 0:
//无限制
validatorLineEdit->setValidator(0);
break;
case 1:
//只能输入整数
validatorLineEdit->setValidator(new QIntValidator(
validatorLineEdit));
break;
case 2:
//实例,只能输入-180到180之间的小数,小数点后最多两位(可用于限制经纬度等)
QDoubleValidator *pDfValidator = new QDoubleValidator(-180.0, 180.0 , 2, validatorLineEdit);
pDfValidator->setNotation(QDoubleValidator::StandardNotation);
validatorLineEdit->setValidator(pDfValidator);
}
validatorLineEdit->clear();
}
//! [10]
//! [11]
void Window::alignmentChanged(int index)
{
switch (index) {
case 0:
alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);
break;
case 1:
alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
break;
case 2:
alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
}
}
//! [11]
//! [12]
void Window::inputMaskChanged(int index)
{
switch (index) {
case 0:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("");
break;
case 1:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("+99 99 99 99 99;_");
break;
case 2:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("0000-00-00");
inputMaskLineEdit->setText("00000000");
inputMaskLineEdit->setCursorPosition(0);
break;
case 3:
inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask(">AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA;#");
}
}
//! [12]
//! [13]
void Window::accessChanged(int index)
{
switch (index) {
case 0:
accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(false);
break;
case 1:
accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(true);
}
}
//! [13]
参考: