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  • Openstack入门篇(十六)之Cinder服务的部署与测试

    • 1.理解块存储服务

    操作系统获得存储空间的方式一般有两种:

    通过某种协议(SAS,SCSI,SAN,iSCSI 等)挂接裸硬盘,然后分区、格式化、创建文件系统;或者直接使用裸硬盘存储数据(数据库)

    通过 NFS、CIFS 等 协议,mount 远程的文件系统
    第一种裸硬盘的方式叫做 Block Storage(块存储),每个裸硬盘通常也称作 Volume(卷) 
    第二种叫做文件系统存储。NAS 和 NFS 服务器,以及各种分布式文件系统提供的都是这种存储。

    OpenStack 提供 Block Storage Service 的是 Cinder,其具体功能是:

    ①提供 REST API 使用户能够查询和管理 volume、volume snapshot 以及 volume type
    ②提供 scheduler 调度 volume 创建请求,合理优化存储资源的分配
    ③通过 driver 架构支持多种 back-end(后端)存储方式,包括 LVM,NFS,Ceph,GlusterFS

    • 2.Cinder 架构以及块存储服务组件介绍

    Cinder逻辑架构图:

    cinder不是一个存储软件,而是属于管理存储软件。块存储服务通常包含下列组件:

    cinder-api: 接受API请求,调用 cinder-volume 执行操作。

    cinder-volume:与块存储服务和例如“cinder scheduler”的进程进行交互

    cinder-scheduler守护进程:scheduler 通过调度算法选择最合适的存储节点创建 volume,和nova-scheduler类似

    cinder-backup daemon:备份进程

    消息队列:Cinder 各个子服务通过消息队列实现进程间通信和相互协作。因为有了消息队列,子服务之间实现了解耦,这种松散的结构也是分布式系统的重要特征。

    Database:Cinder 有一些数据需要存放到数据库中,一般使用 MySQL。数据库是安装在控制节点上的,比如实验环境中,可以访问名称为“cinder”的数据库。

    • 3.物理部署方案

    Cinder 的服务会部署在两类节点上,控制节点和存储节点。
    查看当前计算节点cinder的相关服务

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# ps -e |grep cinder
     1150 ?        01:19:09 cinder-api
     2025 ?        00:02:15 cinder-api
     3357 ?        00:17:16 cinder-schedule
    24069 ?        00:27:01 cinder-volume
    24089 ?        00:04:19 cinder-volume

    cinder-api和cinder-schedule都部署在控制节点上,这无可厚非,思考:但是cinder-volume是否应该部署在存储节点上呢?
    实际上,OpenStack是一个分布式系统,其每个组件的子服务都可以部署在任何节点上,只需要网络可通,这也表明了OpenStack的灵活性。无论哪个节点,只要运行了cinder-volume,它就是一个存储节点。同时,存储节点也可以部署其他组件的子服务。

    • 4.安装组件并配置

    (1)安装软件包

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# yum install -y openstack-cinder

    (2)修改配置:/etc/cinder/cinder.conf

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
    [database]      <==配置数据库访问
    connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:cinder@192.168.56.11/cinder
    [DEFAULT]       
    transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.56.11  <==配置RabbitMQ消息队列访问权限
    auth_strategy = keystone    <==启动用keystoen认证
    
    [keystone_authtoken]        <==配置认证服务访问
    auth_uri = http://192.168.56.11:5000
    auth_url = http://192.168.56.11:35357
    memcached_servers = 192.168.56.11:11211
    auth_type = password
    project_domain_name = default
    user_domain_name = default
    project_name = service
    username = cinder
    password = cinder
    
    [oslo_concurrency]      <==配置锁路径
    lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp
    
    查看配置:
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# grep "^[a-z]" /etc/cinder/cinder.conf 
    auth_strategy = keystone
    transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.56.11
    connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:cinder@192.168.56.11/cinder
    auth_uri = http://192.168.56.11:5000
    auth_url = http://192.168.56.11:35357
    memcached_servers = 192.168.56.11:11211
    auth_type = password
    project_domain_name = default
    user_domain_name = default
    project_name = service
    username = cinder
    password = cinder
    lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp
    • 5.初始化块存储服务的数据库,并验证

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.56.11 -ucinder -pcinder -e "use cinder;show tables;"
    • 6.配置计算服务以使用块设备存储

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
    [cinder]
    os_region_name=RegionOne
    • 7.完成安装

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl start openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
    • 8.创建cinder和cinderv2服务实体

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name cinder 
    >   --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volume
    +-------------+----------------------------------+
    | Field       | Value                            |
    +-------------+----------------------------------+
    | description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
    | enabled     | True                             |
    | id          | c63c93beff014724b036a811e2b0d591 |
    | name        | cinder                           |
    | type        | volume                           |
    +-------------+----------------------------------+
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service create --name cinderv2 
    >   --description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev2
    +-------------+----------------------------------+
    | Field       | Value                            |
    +-------------+----------------------------------+
    | description | OpenStack Block Storage          |
    | enabled     | True                             |
    | id          | 6829915c1f9745409ca9bda364fe26c4 |
    | name        | cinderv2                         |
    | type        | volumev2                         |
    +-------------+----------------------------------+
    • 9.创建块设备存储服务的API入口点

    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
       volume public http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s
    
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
       volume internal http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s
    
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
       volume admin http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s
    
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
       volumev2 public http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s
    
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
       volumev2 internal http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s
    
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne 
       volumev2 admin http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack service list
    +----------------------------------+----------+----------+
    | ID                               | Name     | Type     |
    +----------------------------------+----------+----------+
    | 18b41a6647e84ef68c5df6058c2f4eab | glance   | image    |
    | 436e446b475a46fa978349211d6c64eb | keystone | identity |
    | 613a3d7e61574fdbb7c330f6892a1b50 | neutron  | network  |
    | 6829915c1f9745409ca9bda364fe26c4 | cinderv2 | volumev2 |
    | 7347593df9034e369d27caf8f0240470 | nova     | compute  |
    | c63c93beff014724b036a811e2b0d591 | cinder   | volume   |
    +----------------------------------+----------+----------+
    [root@linux-node1 ~]# openstack endpoint list
    +----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+
    | ID                               | Region    | Service Name | Service Type | Enabled | Interface | URL                                          |
    +----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+
    | 0ae3e6275b4c4c20a7e8619909726bd4 | RegionOne | cinder       | volume       | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s   |
    | 1fba971a2dc6424eaa06ef61c910e739 | RegionOne | cinder       | volume       | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s   |
    | 20222ecb6eeb4f378035e79c47810b08 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:5000/v3/                |
    | 45fd632b46684fdca9782a1e23b91f8c | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
    | 64f9ee02b5d0489598f31e164d40e6df | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
    | 6cc75ee06e5245059e106e89e1643a92 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:35357/v3/               |
    | 77f141dede894dea877d505b60e60de7 | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
    | 7883d0f227a54ac5a0db3ad3a02606df | RegionOne | nova         | compute      | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:8774/v2.1/%(tenant_id)s |
    | 7c7b33e8c2ac431aa7380ceeac80fb37 | RegionOne | keystone     | identity     | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:35357/v3/               |
    | 84e4273b741148e2a2d9c71d2c62da1e | RegionOne | cinder       | volume       | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s   |
    | abd82401a31d453ca2e28fc17816fd6c | RegionOne | neutron      | network      | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:9696                    |
    | af72b7e0d3824c1e82663d06c1bd0205 | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
    | cb6a870ba8a543ee882afe4b07d3c087 | RegionOne | neutron      | network      | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:9696                    |
    | e27bccfa73984db889f9373f288b4c67 | RegionOne | cinderv2     | volumev2     | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s   |
    | e3a7e437be8a4cf1968c82ceca932d57 | RegionOne | glance       | image        | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:9292                    |
    | e54250bd44384b15b5bbf1bb6eb34337 | RegionOne | cinderv2     | volumev2     | True    | admin     | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s   |
    | eba3e70ff0a44ab28898169f4807145f | RegionOne | cinderv2     | volumev2     | True    | public    | http://192.168.56.11:8776/v2/%(tenant_id)s   |
    | f5c7dad4452840d788ed59c905efb3e7 | RegionOne | neutron      | network      | True    | internal  | http://192.168.56.11:9696                    |
    +----------------------------------+-----------+--------------+--------------+---------+-----------+----------------
    • 10.cinder-scheduler的调度

    创建 Volume 时,cinder-scheduler 会基于容量、Volume Type 等条件选择出最合适的存储节点,然后让其创建 Volume。
    Filter scheduler 是 cinder-scheduler 默认的调度器。

    scheduler_driver = cinder.scheduler.filter_scheduler.FilterScheduler

    scheduler 调度过程如下:

    通过过滤器(filter)选择满足条件的存储节点(运行 cinder-volume)
    通过权重计算(weighting)选择最优(权重值最大)的存储节点。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxk/p/9455275.html
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