转自 http://www.cnblogs.com/vinceoniphone/archive/2011/04/08/2009297.html
GCD 概述
1. GCD 包含于 libSystem.dylib
2. 可供所有程序使用.
- #include <dispatch/dispatch.h>
3. GCD API 提供 block-based and function-based variants
- 目前仅提供 block-based API
GCD总结
1. Blocks
- dispatch_async()
2. Queues
- Lightweight list of blocks
- Enqueue/dequeue is FIFO
3. dispatch_get_main_queue()
- Main thread/main runloop
4. dispatch_queue_create()
- Automatic helper thread
GCD的好处
1. 高效 - More CPU cycles available for your code
2. 使用方便
- Blocks are easy to use
- Queues are inherently producer/consumer
3. Systemwide perspective
- Only the OS can balance unrelated subsystems
兼容性
1. Existing threading and synchronization primitives are 100% compatible
2. GCD threads are wrapped POSIX threads
- Do not cancel, exit, kill, join, or detach GCD threads
3. GCD reuses threads
- Restore any per-thread state changed within a block
多线程
Session 206已提到此内容。
锁定资源
1. 对关键资源进行互斥访问。
2. 在线程中按序访问共享资源。
3. Ensure data integrity
没有GCD的代码
- (void)updateImageCacheWithImg:(UIImage*)img {
NSLock *l = self.imageCacheLock;
[l lock];
// Critical section
if ([self.imageCache containsObj:img]) {
[l unlock]; // Don't forget to unlock
return;
}
[self.imageCache addObj:img];
[l unlock];
}
GCD代码
- (void)updateImageCacheWithImg:(NSImage*)img {
dispatch_queue_t queue = self.imageCacheQueue;
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{ //You can change dispatch_sync to dispatch_async to defer critical section
// Critical section
if ([self.imageCache containsObj:img]) {
return;
}
[self.imageCache addObj:img];
});
}
线程间通信
通过以下方法 (Without GCD)
– performSelectorOnMainThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:
– performSelector:onThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:
– performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:
– performSelectorInBackground:withObject:
GCD 代码，等同于 performSelector:onThread:withObject:waitUntilDone:
// waitUntilDone: NO
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[myObject doSomething:foo withData:bar];
});
// waitUntilDone: YES
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
[myObject doSomething:foo withData:bar];
});
GCD代码， 等同于 performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:dispatch_time_t delay;delay = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 50000 /* 50μs */);dispatch_after(delay, queue, ^{ [myObject doSomething:foo withData:bar];});GCD代码，等同于 performSelectorInBackground:withObject:dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0);dispatch_async(queue, ^{ [myObject doSomething:foo withData:bar];});
Global Queues1. Enqueue/dequeue is FIFO
2. Concurrent execution- Non-FIFO completion order
3. dispatch_get_global_queue(priority, 0)
4. Global queues map GCD activity to real threads 5. Priority bands- DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH - DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT - DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW
下面三节讲述了很多内容，但我还没有理解。如有兴趣，请看原始视频。- Dispatch Sources
- Source Cancellation- Target Queues
GCD对象
GCD方法大全
管理对象的生命周期
1. Ensure objects captured by blocks are valid when blocks are executed
- Objects must be retained and released around asynchronous operations
2. Objective-C objects captured by blocks are auto-retained and auto-released
3. Other objects captured by blocks must be retained by your code
- CFRetain()/CFRelease()
- dispatch_retain()/dispatch_release()
挂起和恢复
1. Suspend and resume only affects queues and sources you create
- Sources are created suspended
2. Suspension is asynchronous
- Takes effect between blocks
3. Your queues can predictably suspend objects that target them
程序上下文
1. Applications can attach custom data to GCD objects
- dispatch_set_context()/dispatch_get_context()
2. Optional finalizer callback
- dispatch_set_finalizer_f()
- Allows attached context to be freed with object
- Called on the target queue of the object
WWDC2010 Session211 Simplifying iPhone App Development with Grand Central Dispatch
Daniel Steffen - Core OS