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  • cobbler

    1.cobbler简介

    Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS等。
    Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
    Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。
    Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。

    cobbler集成的服务

    • PXE服务支持
    • DHCP服务管理
    • DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
    • 电源管理
    • Kickstart服务支持
    • YUM仓库管理
    • TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
    • Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

    cobbler配置文件详解
    cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

    配置文件 作用
    /etc/cobbler/settings cobbler 主配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/iso/ iso模板配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/pxe pxe模板配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/power 电源配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/user.conf web服务授权配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/users.digest web访问的用户名密码配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template dhcp服务器的的配置模板
    /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template dns服务器的配置模板
    /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template tftp服务的配置模板
    /etc/cobbler/modules.conf 模块的配置文件

    cobbler数据目录

    目录 作用
    /var/lib/cobbler/config/ 用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件
    /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/ 用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
    /var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/ 默认存放kickstart文件
    /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ 存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
    /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ 导入的发行版系统的所有数据
    /var/www/cobbler/images/ 导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
    /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/ yum仓库存储目录

    cobbler日志文件

    日志文件路径 说明
    /var/log/cobbler/installing 客户端安装日志
    /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log cobbler日志

    cobbler命令详解

    cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
    cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
    cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
    cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
    cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
    cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
    cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
    cobbler profile     //查看配置信息
    

    2.cobbler服务端部署

    //配置yum源
    [root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
    [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
    
    //安装cobbler以及相关的软件
    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
    
    //启动服务并设置开机自启
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
    
    //修改server的ip地址为本机ip
    [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.136.146/' /etc/cobbler/settings
    
    //设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
    [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.136.146/' /etc/cobbler/settings
    
    //开启tftp
    [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    
    //下载缺失文件
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
    task started: 2020-01-06_090507_get_loaders
    task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Mon Jan  6 09:05:07 2020)
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
    downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    //启动rsync并设置开机自启
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
    
    //生成加密的密码
    [root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456'
    $1$21468$Ungr4D80UFKN7hniKf7Dq/
    
    //将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
    ....    //此处为省略内容
    default_password_crypted: "$1$21468$Ungr4D80UFKN7hniKf7Dq/
    .....   //此处为省略内容
    
    //重启cobbler
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
    State       Recv-Q Send-Q         Local Address:Port                        Peer Address:Port              
    LISTEN      0      128                        *:22                                     *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      100                127.0.0.1:25                                     *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                  127.0.0.1:25151                                  *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      25                         *:514                                    *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                          *:873                                    *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      128                       :::80                                    :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      128                       :::22                                    :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      100                      ::1:25                                    :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      128                       :::443                                   :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      25                        :::514                                   :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                         :::873                                   :::*   
    
    //通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
    The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
    
    1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
    2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
    
    Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
    //以上两个是关于debian系统的错误,请忽略
    
    
    //配置cobbler dhcp
    //修改cobbler配置文件,让cobbler控制dhcp
    [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
    [root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
    manage_dhcp: 1
    
    //配置dhcp
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
    ....    //此处为省略内容
    subnet 192.168.136.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
         option routers             192.168.136.146;
         option domain-name-servers 192.168.136.146;  //此处为系统安装好后指定的dns地址
         option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
         range dynamic-bootp        192.168.136.100 192.168.136.254;
         default-lease-time         21600;
         max-lease-time             43200;
         next-server                $next_server;
    ....    //此处为省略内容
    
    //重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
    task started: 2020-01-06_094119_sync
    task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Jan  6 09:41:19 2020)
    running pre-sync triggers
    cleaning trees
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
    copying bootloaders
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    copying distros to tftpboot
    copying images
    generating PXE configuration files
    generating PXE menu structure
    rendering DHCP files
    generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    rendering TFTPD files
    generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    cleaning link caches
    running post-sync triggers
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
    running: dhcpd -t -q
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: 
    running: service dhcpd restart
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
    
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    //检查dhcp是否正常
    [root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
    udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           1697/dhcpd 
    
    //导入redhat7镜像
    [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
    mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7 --arch=x86_64
    task started: 2020-01-06_094409_import
    task started (id=Media import, time=Mon Jan  6 09:44:09 2020)
    Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
    Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
    Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
    Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64:
    creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
    creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
    associating repos
    checking for rsync repo(s)
    checking for rhn repo(s)
    checking for yum repo(s)
    starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64 for rhel-7-x86_64
    processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
    need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
    looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
    Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/repodata
    processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
    need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
    looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
    Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
    processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
    need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
    looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
    Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    //说明:
        --path      //镜像路径
        --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
        --arch      //指定安装源平台
    
    //安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义,本例导入成功后,安装源的唯一标示就是:rhel-7-x86_64,如果重复,系统会提示导入失败
    
    //查看cobbler镜像列表
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
    distros:
       rhel-7-x86_64
    
    profiles:
       rhel-7-x86_64
    
    systems:
    
    repos:
    
    images:
    
    mgmtclasses:
    
    packages:
    
    files:
    
    //创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
    [root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
    
    auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
    bootloader --location=mbr
    clearpart --all --initlabel
    part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
    part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
    part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
    text
    firewall --disabled
    firstboot --disable
    keyboard us
    lang en_US
    url --url=http://192.168.136.146/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
    $yum_repo_stanza
    reboot
    rootpw --iscrypted $1$21468$Ungr4D80UFKN7hniKf7Dq///xyiTllGwxRsHHruQhcskO69u2LVTU9u0eemHXH2pzcGawyAJ54R2E/x0
    
    selinux --disabled
    skipx
    timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
    install
    zerombr
    
    %packages
    @^minimal
    @core
    kexec-tools
    
    %end
    
    %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
    
    %end
    
    %anaconda
    pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
    pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
    pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
    %end
    
    //检查ks文件语法是否有误
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
    task started: 2020-01-06_095722_validateks
    task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Mon Jan  6 09:57:22 2020)
    ----------------------------
    osversion: rhel7
    checking url: http://192.168.136.146/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
    running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.136.146/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: 
    *** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    //查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
       rhel-7-x86_64
    
    //修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
    
    //配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
    
    //检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
    Name                           : rhel-7-x86_64
    TFTP Boot Files                : {}
    Comment                        : 
    DHCP Tag                       : default
    Distribution                   : rhel-7-x86_64
    Enable gPXE?                   : 0
    Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
    Fetchable Files                : {}
    Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
    Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
    Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
    Kickstart Metadata             : {}
    Management Classes             : []
    Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
    Name Servers                   : []
    Name Servers Search Path       : []
    Owners                         : ['admin']
    Parent Profile                 : 
    Internal proxy                 : 
    Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
    Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
    Repos                          : []
    Server Override                : <<inherit>>
    Template Files                 : {}
    Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
    Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
    Virt CPUs                      : 1
    Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
    Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
    Virt Path                      : 
    Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
    Virt Type                      : kvm
    
    //同步cobbler
    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
    task started: 2020-01-06_100104_sync
    task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Jan  6 10:01:04 2020)
    running pre-sync triggers
    cleaning trees
    removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
    removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
    copying bootloaders
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
    trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
    copying distros to tftpboot
    copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
    copying images
    generating PXE configuration files
    generating PXE menu structure
    copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
    trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
    Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
    rendering DHCP files
    generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
    rendering TFTPD files
    generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
    cleaning link caches
    running post-sync triggers
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
    running: dhcpd -t -q
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: 
    running: service dhcpd restart
    received on stdout: 
    received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
    
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
    running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
    running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
    running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
    *** TASK COMPLETE ***
    
    //为避免发生未知问题,先把服务端所有服务重启
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
    [root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
    State       Recv-Q Send-Q         Local Address:Port                        Peer Address:Port              
    LISTEN      0      128                        *:22                                     *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      100                127.0.0.1:25                                     *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                  127.0.0.1:25151                                  *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      25                         *:514                                    *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                          *:873                                    *:*                  
    LISTEN      0      128                       :::80                                    :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      128                       :::22                                    :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      100                      ::1:25                                    :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      128                       :::443                                   :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      25                        :::514                                   :::*                  
    LISTEN      0      5                         :::873                                   :::*    
    

    3. 客户端安装

    新建虚拟机从pxe启动,若出现以下界面则表示成功:

    4. 定制安装

    定制安装步骤:

    统计服务器mac地址
    配置cobbler
    安装
    统计mac地址此处就不赘述了,直接最重要的配置
    在 cobbler 的web界面上配置:





    同步配置并重启相关服务:

    [root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
    
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    第四周作业
    第三周作业
    第4次作业
    第3次作业
    第二次作业
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liping0826/p/12155291.html
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