一、字符串格式化
#打印浮点数 (%f指的是浮点数,%后加.2保留两位小数)
tpl = "percent %.2f" % 99.976234444444444444
print(tpl)
>>>percent 99.98
#打印百分比( %%表示“%”)
tpl = 'percent %.2f %%' % 99.976234444444444444
print(tpl)
>>>percent 99.98 %
#%s可以表示任意参数,%d只能传一个int类型
tpl = "i am %(name)s age %(age)d" % {"name": "alex", "age": 18}
print(tpl)
>>>i am alex age 18
# “+”代表右缩进60位 “-”代表左缩进60位
msg='i am %(name)+60s my hobby is alex' %{'name':'lhf'}
print(msg)
>>>i am lhf my hobby is alex
#这条是改输出的字体颜色
msg='i am 33[43;1m%(name)+60s 33[0m my hobby is alex' %{'name':'lhf'}
print(msg)
>>>i am [43;1m lhf[0m my hobby is alex
#尽量不要用“+” ,会占用内存, 用sep,传入一个分隔符
print('root','x','0','0',sep=':')
>>>root:x:0:0
print('root'+':'+'x'+':'+'0','0')
>>>root:x:0 0
二、format格式化的用法
1 [[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][,][.precision][type]
- fill 【可选】空白处填充的字符
- align 【可选】对齐方式(需配合width使用)
- <,内容左对齐
- >,内容右对齐(默认)
- =,内容右对齐,将符号放置在填充字符的左侧,且只对数字类型有效。 即使:符号+填充物+数字
- ^,内容居中
- sign 【可选】有无符号数字
- +,正号加正,负号加负;
- -,正号不变,负号加负;
- 空格 ,正号空格,负号加负;
- # 【可选】对于二进制、八进制、十六进制,如果加上#,会显示 0b/0o/0x,否则不显示
- , 【可选】为数字添加分隔符,如:1,000,000
- width 【可选】格式化位所占宽度
- .precision 【可选】小数位保留精度
- type 【可选】格式化类型
- 传入” 字符串类型 “的参数
- s,格式化字符串类型数据
- 空白,未指定类型,则默认是None,同s
- 传入“ 整数类型 ”的参数
- b,将10进制整数自动转换成2进制表示然后格式化
- c,将10进制整数自动转换为其对应的unicode字符
- d,十进制整数
- o,将10进制整数自动转换成8进制表示然后格式化;
- x,将10进制整数自动转换成16进制表示然后格式化(小写x)
- X,将10进制整数自动转换成16进制表示然后格式化(大写X)
- 传入“ 浮点型或小数类型 ”的参数
- e, 转换为科学计数法(小写e)表示,然后格式化;
- E, 转换为科学计数法(大写E)表示,然后格式化;
- f , 转换为浮点型(默认小数点后保留6位)表示,然后格式化;
- F, 转换为浮点型(默认小数点后保留6位)表示,然后格式化;
- g, 自动在e和f中切换
- G, 自动在E和F中切换
- %,显示百分比(默认显示小数点后6位)
- 传入” 字符串类型 “的参数
例子:
1 tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}".format("seven", 18, 'alex') 2 print(tpl) 3 # >>>i am seven, age 18, alex 4 #必须一一对应,否则会报错 5 6 tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}".format(*["seven", 18, 'alex']) 7 print(tpl) 8 # >>>i am seven, age 18, alex 9 10 tpl = "i am {0}, age {1}, really {0}".format("seven", 18) 11 print(tpl) 12 # >>>i am seven, age 18, really seven 13 14 tpl = "i am {0}, age {1}, really {0}".format(*["seven", 18]) 15 print(tpl) 16 # >>>i am seven, age 18, really seven 17 18 tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(name="seven", age=18) 19 print(tpl) 20 # >>>i am seven, age 18, really seven 21 22 tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18}) 23 # ** 代表传字典 24 print(tpl) 25 # >>>i am seven, age 18, really seven 26 27 tpl = "i am {0[0]}, age {0[1]}, really {0[2]}".format([1, 2, 3], [11, 22, 33]) 28 print(tpl) 29 # >>>i am 1, age 2, really 3 30 31 tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}, money {:f}".format("seven", 18, 88888.1) 32 # s 代表字符串 d 代表整数 33 print(tpl) 34 # >>>i am seven, age 18, money 88888.100000 35 36 tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*["seven", 18]) 37 # * 代表列表 38 print(tpl) 39 # >>>i am seven, age 18 40 41 tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}".format(name="seven", age=18) 42 print(tpl) 43 # >>>i am seven, age 18 44 45 tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18}) 46 print(tpl) 47 # >>>i am seven, age 18 48 49 tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2) 50 # 2进制 8进制 10进制 x与X: 16进制 %:百分比 51 print(tpl) 52 # >>>numbers: 1111,17,15,f,F, 1587.623000% 53 54 tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2) 55 print(tpl) 56 # >>>numbers: 1111,17,15,f,F, 1587.623000% 57 58 tpl = "numbers: {0:b},{0:o},{0:d},{0:x},{0:X}, {0:%}".format(15) 59 print(tpl) 60 # >>>numbers: 1111,17,15,f,F, 1500.000000% 61 62 tpl = "numbers: {num:b},{num:o},{num:d},{num:x},{num:X}, {num:%}".format(num=15) 63 print(tpl) 64 # >>>numbers: 1111,17,15,f,F, 1500.000000%
示例: