201771010113 李婷华 《面向对象程序设计（Java）》第十七周总结

一.理论知识部分

 Java 的线程调度采用优先级策略:优先级高的先执行，优先级低的后执行；多线程系统会自动为每个线程分配一个优先级，缺省时，继承其父类的优先级； 任务紧急的线程，其优先级较高； 同优先级的线程按“先进先出”的队列原则。

调用setPriority(int a)重置当前线程的优先级，a取值可以是前述的三个静态量。调用getPriority()获得当前线程优先级。

多线程并发运行不确定性问题解决方案：引入线程同步机制，使得另一线程要使用该方法，就只能等待。

在Java中解决多线程同步问题的方法有两种：J ava SE 5.0中引入ReentrantLock类。 在共享内存的类方法前加synchronized修饰符。

有关锁对象和条件对象的关键要点:锁用来保护代码片段，保证任何时刻只能有一个线程执行被保护的代码。锁管理试图进入被保护代码段的线程。锁可拥有一个或多个相关条件对象。每个条件对象管理那些已经进入被保护的代码 段但还不能运行的线程。

synchronized关键字作用： 某个类内方法用synchronized 修饰后，该方法被称为同步方法；只要某个线程正在访问同步方法，其他线程欲要访问同步方法就被阻塞，直至线程从同 步方法返回前唤醒被阻塞线程，其他线程方可能进入同步方法。

在同步方法中使用wait()、notify 和notifyAll()方法：一个线程在使用的同步方法中时，可能根据问题的需要，必须使用wait()方法使本线程等待，暂时让出CPU的使用权，并允许其它线程使用这个同步方法。线程如果用完同步方法，应当执行notifyAll()方 法通知所有由于使用这个同步方法而处于等待的线程结束等待。

二.实验部分

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握线程同步的概念及实现技术； 

(2) 线程综合编程练习

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1：测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1：

l 在Elipse环境下调试教材651页程序14-7，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握利用锁对象和条件对象实现的多线程同步技术。

package synch;

/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SynchBankTest
{
   public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100;
   public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000;
   public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000;
   public static final int DELAY = 10;
   
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++)
      {
         int fromAccount = i;
         Runnable r = () -> {
            try
            {
               while (true)
               {
                  int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random());
                  double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random();
                  bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
                  Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));//随机生成时间，使正在执行的线程休眠
               }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
            }            
         };
         Thread t = new Thread(r);
         t.start();//开始线程
      }
   }
}

package synch;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;
   private Lock bankLock;
   private Condition sufficientFunds;

   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
      bankLock = new ReentrantLock();
      sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition();
   }

   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {
      bankLock.lock();//使用锁对象,获取锁
      try
      {
         while (accounts[from] < amount)
            sufficientFunds.await();
         System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
         accounts[from] -= amount;
         System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
         accounts[to] += amount;
         System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
         sufficientFunds.signalAll();//唤醒所有线程
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();//释放锁
      }
   }

   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public double getTotalBalance()
   {
      bankLock.lock();
      try
      {
         double sum = 0;

         for (double a : accounts)
            sum += a;

         return sum;
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

测试程序2：

l 在Elipse环境下调试教材655页程序14-8，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握synchronized在多线程同步中的应用。

package synch2;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses synchronization primitives.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;

   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
   }

   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   //使用synchronized修饰符
   public synchronized void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {
      while (accounts[from] < amount)
         wait();//来自Object类
      System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
      accounts[from] -= amount;
      System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
      accounts[to] += amount;
      System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
      notifyAll();//解除所有线程的阻塞状态
   }

   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public synchronized double getTotalBalance()
   {
      double sum = 0;

      for (double a : accounts)
         sum += a;

      return sum;
   }

   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

 

package synch2;

/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure,
 * using synchronized methods.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SynchBankTest2
{
   public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100;
   public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000;
   public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000;
   public static final int DELAY = 10;

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++)
      {
         int fromAccount = i;
         Runnable r = () -> {
            try
            {
               while (true)
               {
                  int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random());
                  double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random();
                  bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
                  Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));
               }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
            }
         };
         Thread t = new Thread(r);
         t.start();
      }
   }
}

测试程序3：

l 在Elipse环境下运行以下程序，结合程序运行结果分析程序存在问题；

l 尝试解决程序中存在问题。

class Cbank

{

     private static int s=2000;

     public   static void sub(int m)

     {

           int temp=s;

           temp=temp-m;

          try {

      Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random()));

    }

           catch (InterruptedException e)  {              }

           s=temp;

           System.out.println("s="+s);

   }

}

 

 

class Customer extends Thread

{

  public void run()

  {

   for( int i=1; i<=4; i++)

     Cbank.sub(100);

    }

 }

public class Thread3

{

 public static void main(String args[])

  {

   Customer customer1 = new Customer();

   Customer customer2 = new Customer();

   customer1.start();

   customer2.start();

  }

}

class Cbank
{
     private static int s=2000;
     public   static synchronized void sub(int m)
     {

           int temp=s;
           temp=temp-m;
          try {
                 Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random()));
               }
           catch (InterruptedException e)  {              }
              s=temp;
              System.out.println("s="+s);
          }
    }


class Customer extends Thread
{
  public void run()
  {
   for( int i=1; i<=4; i++)
     Cbank.sub(100);
    }
 }
public class Thread3
{
 public static void main(String args[])
  {
   Customer customer1 = new Customer();
   Customer customer2 = new Customer();
   customer1.start();
   customer2.start();
  }
}

实验2 编程练习

利用多线程及同步方法，编写一个程序模拟火车票售票系统，共3个窗口，卖10张票，程序输出结果类似（程序输出不唯一，可以是其他类似结果）。

Thread-0窗口售：第1张票

Thread-0窗口售：第2张票

Thread-1窗口售：第3张票

Thread-2窗口售：第4张票

Thread-2窗口售：第5张票

Thread-1窗口售：第6张票

Thread-0窗口售：第7张票

Thread-2窗口售：第8张票

Thread-1窗口售：第9张票

Thread-0窗口售：第10张票

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Myrhread myrhread = new Myrhread();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myrhread);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myrhread);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myrhread);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

class Myrhread implements Runnable {
    int t = 1;
    boolean flag = true;

    public void run() {
        while (flag) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(500);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized (this) {
                if (t <= 10) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "窗口售：第" + t + "張票");
                    t++;
                }
                if (t > 10) {
                    flag = false;
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

3.实验总结：

本周的实验容量很少，实验也相对来说简单，完成的还算顺利。学长也教了我们常用的一些快捷键，本周的收获还是很大的。