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  • Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署

    Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署

     

    本节内容

    uwsgi 介绍

    uwsgi安装使用

    nginx安装配置

    django with nginx

    如何在生产上部署Django?

    Django的部署可以有很多方式,采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。

    uwsgi介绍

    uWSGI是一个Web服务器,它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

    要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。

    1. WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器(如nginx,uWSGI等服务器)与web应用(如用Flask框架写的程序)通信的一种规范。
    2. uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
    3. 而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
    4. uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型(type of information),每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述,它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

    uwsgi性能非常高

    uWSGI的主要特点如下

    1. 超快的性能
    2. 低内存占用(实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右)
    3. 多app管理(终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-)
    4. 详尽的日志功能(可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈)
    5. 高度可定制(内存大小限制,服务一定次数后重启等)

    总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东,正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的:

    If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

    Uwsgi 安装使用

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    # Install the latest stable release:
    pip install uwsgi
    # ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
    pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

    基本测试

    Create a file called test.py:

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    # test.py
    def application(env, start_response):
        start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
        return [b"Hello World"# python3
        #return ["Hello World"] # python2

    运行

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    uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

    用uwsgi 启动django

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    uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi

      

    可以把参数写到配置文件里

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    alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini
     
     
    [uwsgi]
    http = :9000
    #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
    socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
    # the base directory (full path)
    chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye
    # Django's wsgi file
    wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py
    # maximum number of worker processes
    processes = 4
    #thread numbers startched in each worker process
    threads = 2
     
    #monitor uwsgi status
    stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
    # clear environment on exit
    vacuum          = true

    启动

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    /usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini

      

    Nginx安装使用  

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    sudo apt-get install nginx
    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start    # start nginx

    为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件

    You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

    Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

    Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

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    # mysite_nginx.conf
     
    # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
    upstream django {
        # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
        server 127.0.0.1:8001# for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
    }
     
    # configuration of the server
    server {
        # the port your site will be served on
        listen      8000;
        # the domain name it will serve for
        server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
        charset     utf-8;
     
        # max upload size
        client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste
     
        # Django media
        location /media  {
            alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
        }
     
        location /static {
            alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
        }
     
        # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
        location / {
            uwsgi_pass  django;
            include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
        }
    }

    This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

    Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

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    sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

    Deploying static files

    Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

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    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

    and then run

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    python manage.py collectstatic

      

    此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi,你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuchengdong/p/6843948.html
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