1 Spring框架概述
Spring是一个开源框架,Spring的核心是控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP),简单来说,Spring是一个分层的JavaSE/EE full-stack(一站式) 轻量级开源框架。
轻量级:就是依赖其他的技术少就可以完成相应的功能
一站式:
web层------------------springmvc
service--------------spring
dao层-------------jdbcTemplate
2.Spring的优点
方便解耦,简化开发 (高内聚低耦合)
Spring就是一个大工厂(容器),可以将所有对象创建和依赖关系维护,交给Spring管理
spring工厂是用于生成bean
AOP编程的支持
Spring提供面向切面编程,可以方便的实现对程序进行权限拦截、运行监控等功能
声明式事务的支持
只需要通过配置就可以完成对事务的管理,而无需手动编程
方便程序的测试
Spring对Junit4支持,可以通过注解方便的测试Spring程序
方便集成各种优秀框架
Spring不排斥各种优秀的开源框架,其内部提供了对各种优秀框架(如:Struts、Hibernate、MyBatis、Quartz等)的直接支持
降低JavaEE API的使用难度
Spring 对JavaEE开发中非常难用的一些API(JDBC、JavaMail、远程调用等),都提供了封装,使这些API应用难度大大降低
3.Spring的体系结构
spring核心配置文件约束
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang" xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:tool="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool" xmlns:websocket="http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket/spring-websocket.xsd"> </beans>