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  • Linux基础命令 ls

    1. ls 列出目录的内容



    常用选项如下:


    -a --all

    显示目录下所有的文件或子目录,包括隐藏文件、当前目录"."和上级目录".."

    [root@localhost ~]# ls -a
    .  ..  .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cshrc  .pki  .tcshrc  .viminfo
    

    -A --almost-all

    显示目录下所有的文件或子目录,包括隐藏文件,但不包括"."和".."

    [root@localhost ~]# ls -A
    .bash_history  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .cshrc  .pki  .tcshrc  .viminfo
    

    -b --escape

    打印 C 风格的转义非图形字符

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls
      test_dir  test_txt
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -b
    \  test_dir  test_txt
    

    --block-size=SIZE

    配合"-l"选项使用,输出的文件或目录的大小由SIZE决定(值有,K, M, G, T, P...)

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l --block-size=M
    total 0M
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1M Apr 19 21:46 
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1M Apr 19 21:44 test_dir
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0M Apr 19 21:44 test_txt
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l --block-size=P
    total 0P
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1P Apr 19 21:46 
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1P Apr 19 21:44 test_dir
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0P Apr 19 21:44 test_txt
    

    --color

    是否显示颜色,有三个选项:never', 'auto' 或 'always'

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls --color=auto
      test_dir  test_txt
    

    --d --directory

    显示目录本身,而不会显示目录下的内容

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -d
    .
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -ld
    drwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 152 Apr 19 21:46 .
    

    -F

    向条目追加指示器(其中之一* / = > @

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -F
    /  test_dir/  test_dir_link@  test_txt  test_txt_link
    

    --file-type

    于-F相同,但不显示*

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls --file-type
    /  test_dir/  test_dir_link@  test_txt  test_txt_link
    

    --format=WORD

    显示格式-x-横向排序(默认),-m横向排序,逗号分隔,-1一行显示一个数据

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -x
      test_dir  test_dir_link  test_txt  test_txt_link
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -m
    \, test_dir, test_dir_link, test_txt, test_txt_link
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -1
    
    test_dir
    test_dir_link
    test_txt
    test_txt_link
    

    --full-time

    长格式显示,显示详细时间,精确到后9位

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls --full-time
    total 8
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2019-04-19 21:46:15.623050216 +0800 
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 2019-04-19 21:44:19.657044687 +0800 test_dir
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2019-04-19 22:21:43.109151663 +0800 test_dir_link -> test_dir/
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 2 2019-04-19 22:22:46.067154665 +0800 test_txt
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 2 2019-04-19 22:22:46.067154665 +0800 test_txt_link
    

    -g

    -l相似,但不输出属主

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -g
    total 8
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root 6 Apr 19 21:46 
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root 6 Apr 19 21:44 test_dir
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 9 Apr 19 22:21 test_dir_link -> test_dir/
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root 2 Apr 19 22:22 test_txt
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root 2 Apr 19 22:22 test_txt_link
    

    -G --no-group

    -l相似,但不输出数组

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -lG
    total 8
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root 6 Apr 19 21:46 
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root 6 Apr 19 21:44 test_dir
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 9 Apr 19 22:21 test_dir_link -> test_dir/
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root 2 Apr 19 22:22 test_txt
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root 2 Apr 19 22:22 test_txt_link
    

    -h --human-readable

    -l一起使用,打印人性化格式(1K, 1M, 1G)

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -lh /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18K Aug 24  2018 /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
    

    --si

    使用1000位单位,而不是1024

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l /etc/wgetrc
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4479 Oct 31 00:54 /etc/wgetrc
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l --si /etc/wgetrc
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.5k Oct 31 00:54 /etc/wgetrc
    

    --hide=

    不要列出匹配shell模式的隐含条目(被 -a 或 -A 覆盖)

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls
      test_dir  test_dir_link  test_txt  test_txt_link
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls --hide=test*
    
    

    -i --inode

    打印每个文件的索引号

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -i
    50812413          16777295 test_dir_link  16777289 test_txt_link
    33689716 test_dir  16777289 test_txt
    

    -Q --quote-name

    用双引号将名称括起来

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -Q
    "\"  "test_dir"  "test_dir_link"  "test_txt"  "test_txt_link"
    

    -r --reverse

    倒序

    [root@localhost tmp]# 
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls
      test_dir  test_dir_link  test_txt  test_txt_link
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -r
    test_txt_link  test_txt  test_dir_link  test_dir  
    

    -R --recursive

    递归地列出子目录

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -R
    .:
      test_dir  test_dir_link  test_txt  test_txt_link
    
    ./:
    
    ./test_dir:
    

    -s --size

    打印每个文件的分配大小,以块为单位

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -ls
    total 2048
       0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       6 Apr 19 21:46 
       0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       6 Apr 19 21:44 test_dir
       0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       9 Apr 19 22:21 test_dir_link -> test_dir/
    1024 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 1048576 Apr 19 23:28 test_txt
    1024 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 1048576 Apr 19 23:28 test_txt_link
    

    -S

    按文件大小进行排序

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -lhaS
    total 16K
    -rw-r--r--   2 root root 512 Apr 19 23:30 test_txt
    -rw-r--r--   1 root root 512 Apr 19 23:30 test_txt_a
    -rw-r--r--   2 root root 512 Apr 19 23:30 test_txt_link
    -rw-------.  1 root root 247 Apr 17 06:35 .ifstat.u0
    dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root 244 Apr 17 09:29 ..
    drwxrwxrwt.  9 root root 212 Apr 19 23:30 .
    drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  21 Apr 19 23:30 test_dir
    lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   9 Apr 19 22:21 test_dir_link -> test_dir/
    drwxr-xr-x   2 root root   6 Apr 19 21:46 
    drwxrwxrwt.  2 root root   6 Apr 16 22:49 .font-unix
    drwxrwxrwt.  2 root root   6 Apr 16 22:49 .ICE-unix
    drwxrwxrwt.  2 root root   6 Apr 16 22:49 .Test-unix
    drwxrwxrwt.  2 root root   6 Apr 16 22:49 .X11-unix
    drwxrwxrwt.  2 root root   6 Apr 16 22:49 .XIM-unix
    

    -U

    不进行排序,按目录顺序列出条目


    -t

    按修改时间排序,即最近更改的时间进行排序

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -lht
    total 12K
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 519 Apr 19 23:46 test_txt
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 519 Apr 19 23:46 test_txt_link
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Apr 19 23:30 test_txt_a
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  21 Apr 19 23:30 test_dir
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 Apr 19 22:21 test_dir_link -> test_dir/
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 Apr 19 21:46 
    

    -X

    按条目扩展按字母顺序排序


    -u

    显示最后一次访问的时间,而不是最近修改时间


    --time-style=

    显示时间的格式,可选参数有:full-iso,long-iso,iso,locale,或者+FORMAT

    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l test_txt --time-style=full-iso
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 519 2019-04-19 23:46:52.748395309 +0800 test_txt
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l test_txt --time-style=long-iso
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 519 2019-04-19 23:46 test_txt
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l test_txt --time-style=iso
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 519 04-19 23:46 test_txt
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l test_txt --time-style=locale
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 519 Apr 19 23:46 test_txt
    [root@localhost tmp]# ls -l test_txt --time-style=+"%F %T"
    -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 519 2019-04-19 23:46:52 test_txt
    

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuhedong/p/10732765.html
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