Windows下使用PL/SQL Developer 12.0.7连接Oracle12c数据库
1.下载安装PL/SQL Developer
下载PL/SQL Developer - Registered Download，这里选择当前最新版12.0.7x64位plsqldev1207x64.msi
双击plsqldev1207x64.msi进行安装，注册码参见PLSQL Developer 12.0.7 64位 注册码，设置如下：
product code： 4vkjwhfeh3ufnqnmpr9brvcuyujrx3n3le
serial Number：226959
password: xs374ca- 1
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2.下载Oracle Instant Client
PL/SQL Developer使用配合Oracle Instant Client
下载Oracle Instant Client，这里选择Instant Client for Microsoft Windows (x64)，版本Version 12.2.0.1.0，选择instantclient-basic-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
Version 12.2.0.1.0的Oracle数据库安装可参见Linux命令行安装Oracle12c
将下载的instantclient-basic-windows.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip解压到和PL/SQL Developer安装的同级目录下(也可以是别的目录，看个人需要)
3.配置PL/SQL Developer首选项
①打开PLSQL Developer，登录界面如下，点击Cancel取消按钮
②点击菜单栏右上角按钮，或选择Configure-Preferences
③打开的Preferences窗口中，配置Oracle Home路径为Oracle Instant Client解压安装路径 
OCI library为Oracle Instant Client解压安装路径下的oci.dll文件 
点击Apply-点击OK，使配置生效
④关闭PLSQL Developer，重新打开，多出了Connect as选项
4.配置Oracle Instant Client
PLSQL Developer的登录界面没有数据库的初始化内容
在Oracle Instant Client解压安装目录下NETWORKADMIN新建tnsnames.ora文件，instantclient_12_2下没有NETWORKADMIN目录，也要新建
tnsnames.ora内容如下：
cdb1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = Oracle服务IP)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = cdb1)
)
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Oracle服务IP替换为Oracle的IP地址，配置完成后，关闭PLSQL Developer，重新启动
5.PL/SQL Developer登录Oracle
启动PLSQL Developer后出现的登录界面如下
这时如果不知道用哪个用户名登录，可以使用命令行语句查看oracle所有的用户，以及该用户的状态 select username,account_status from dba_users;
[oracle@solang ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon May 28 15:28:45 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select username,account_status from dba_users;
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
SYS
OPEN
SYSTEM
OPEN
XS$NULL
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
OJVMSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
LBACSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
OUTLN
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
SYS$UMF
EXPIRED & LOCKED
DBSNMP
EXPIRED & LOCKED
APPQOSSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
DBSFWUSER
EXPIRED & LOCKED
GGSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
ANONYMOUS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
CTXSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA
EXPIRED & LOCKED
DVSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
DVF
EXPIRED & LOCKED
GSMADMIN_INTERNAL
EXPIRED & LOCKED
ORDPLUGINS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
MDSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
OLAPSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
ORDDATA
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
XDB
EXPIRED & LOCKED
WMSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
ORDSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
GSMCATUSER
EXPIRED & LOCKED
MDDATA
EXPIRED & LOCKED
SYSBACKUP
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
REMOTE_SCHEDULER_AGENT
EXPIRED & LOCKED
GSMUSER
EXPIRED & LOCKED
SYSRAC
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
AUDSYS
EXPIRED & LOCKED
DIP
EXPIRED & LOCKED
SYSKM
EXPIRED & LOCKED
USERNAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACCOUNT_STATUS
--------------------------------
ORACLE_OCM
EXPIRED & LOCKED
SYSDG
EXPIRED & LOCKED
SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR
EXPIRED & LOCKED
36 rows selected.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production- 1
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用户状态为OPEN的用户为SYS和SYSTEM，其中SYS为超级管理员用户
用户SYS和SYSTEM的密码为数据库创建时的密码
忘记密码可进行修改
[oracle@solang ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon May 28 15:28:45 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> alter user you_username identified by you_password;- 1
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例alter user system identified by OraPasswd1;
system用户输入用户名和密码，数据库为cdb1，Normal方式连接 
sys用户输入用户名和密码，数据库为cdb1，SYSDBA或SYSOPER方式连接
6.PL/SQL Developer显示SQL行号
点击菜单栏右上角按钮，或选择Configure-Preferences，左侧找到SQL Window，右侧找到Show gutter(line numbers)并勾选，Apply然后点击OK。
7.PL/SQL Developer中文乱码处理
①查看数据库字符集 select userenv('language') from dual; 
字符集为AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
②查看本地字符集 select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS; 
发现第一行和第九行是相对应的，AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
③新建系统环境变量NLS_LANG
变量值和数据库的字符集相同，若已存在系统变量NLS_LANG，则更新变量值 
不新建到系统变量里，新建到上面的用户变量里也能正常使用。
④重新打开PL/SQL Developer
8.PL/SQL Developer删除登录记录
最近登录过的用户记录会在打开PL/SQL Developer中显示 
打开Preferences窗口，选择Logon History，删除不常使用到的用户
本文参考:
PL/SQL Developer连接到Oracle 12c
PLSQL Developer 12.0.7 64位 注册码
plsql中文乱码问题（显示问号）