linux系统中创建网络会话

什么是网络会话？

           网络会话，可以看作是一种网络模板。可以让我们在不同的工作场景中快速的切换网络环境，以适应不同的工作地点（类似于firewalld防火墙服务中的区域技术，允许用户在多个配置文件中快速切换）。

在RHEL和CentOS系统默认使用NetworkManager来提供网络服务，这是一种动态管理网络配置的守护进程，能够让网络设备保持连接状态。（https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36522099/article/details/104770911）

可以使用nmcli命令来管理NetwoekManager服务。它可以轻松地查看网络信息和网络状态：

用法及参数（https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36522099/article/details/104770911）

1、使用nmcli查看网络会话

[root@linuxprobe network-scripts]# nmcli connection show
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
eno16777728  e72a626f-2946-4285-9edf-2f5a6b172712  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 
[root@linuxprobe network-scripts]# nmcli con show  ## 效果一样
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
eno16777728  e72a626f-2946-4285-9edf-2f5a6b172712  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 

2、显示指定网卡详细的网络会话

[root@linuxprobe network-scripts]# nmcli connection show eno16777728 | wc -l
61
[root@linuxprobe network-scripts]# nmcli connection show eno16777728 | head
connection.id:                          eno16777728
connection.uuid:                        e72a626f-2946-4285-9edf-2f5a6b172712
connection.interface-name:              --
connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
connection.autoconnect:                 yes
connection.timestamp:                   1604238903
connection.read-only:                   no
connection.permissions:                 
connection.zone:                        --
connection.master:                      --
[root@linuxprobe network-scripts]# nmcli connection show eno16777728 | tail
GENERAL.DEFAULT:                        no
GENERAL.DEFAULT6:                       no
GENERAL.VPN:                            no
GENERAL.ZONE:                           --
GENERAL.DBUS-PATH:                      /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/0
GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/0
GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT:                    --
GENERAL.MASTER-PATH:                    --
IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         ip = 192.168.10.10/24, gw = 0.0.0.0
IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         ip = fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f7b9/64, gw = ::

以公司和家庭为例增加网络会话

3、增加公司网络会话

[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# nmcli con show  ## 查看所有的网络会话
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
eno16777728  e72a626f-2946-4285-9edf-2f5a6b172712  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 5  ## 查看网卡名称
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f7b9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:e4:f7:b9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 2  bytes 120 (120.0 B)
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# nmcli con add con-name company ifname eno16777728 autoconnect no type ethernet ip4 192.168.10.10/24 gw4 192.168.10.1  ## 增加公司网络会话
## add 表示添加网络会话，ifname指定本机的网卡名称，autoconnect 设置是否自动连接，这里手动指定IP地址， type指定网络类型
Connection 'company' (f3824b94-5bdf-4c1d-97d1-18721b010016) successfully added.
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# nmcli con show  ## 列出所有的网络会话
NAME         UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      
company      f3824b94-5bdf-4c1d-97d1-18721b010016  802-3-ethernet  --          
eno16777728  e72a626f-2946-4285-9edf-2f5a6b172712  802-3-ethernet  eno16777728 

4、增加家庭网络会话

[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# nmcli con add con-name home ifname eno16777728 autoconnect yes type ethernet ## 增加家庭网络会话
## add表示增加网络会话，con-name指定增加网络会话的名字，ifname指定本机网卡名称，autoconnect指定是否自动连接（这里使用DHCP服务器自动获取IP地址），type指定网络类型
Connection 'home' (86494d2a-8971-4c28-829e-1619d66d2bc4) successfully added.
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# nmcli con show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE 
home 86494d2a-8971-4c28-829e-1619d66d2bc4 802-3-ethernet -- 
company f3824b94-5bdf-4c1d-97d1-18721b010016 802-3-ethernet -- 
eno16777728 e72a626f-2946-4285-9edf-2f5a6b172712 802-3-ethernet eno16777728

5、测试效果，切换至家庭网络会话和公司网络会话

[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 5  ## 查看当前IP
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f7b9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:e4:f7:b9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 21  bytes 2240 (2.1 KiB)
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# nmcli con up home  ## 切换至家庭网络会话
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1)
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 5  ## 查看IP
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.3.7  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.3.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f7b9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:e4:f7:b9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 46  bytes 5353 (5.2 KiB)
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# systemctl restart network  ## 重置网卡
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 5  ## 查看IP
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f7b9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:e4:f7:b9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 52  bytes 5803 (5.6 KiB)

切换公司网络会话：

[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 5  ## 查看当前IP
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f7b9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:e4:f7:b9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 66  bytes 7264 (7.0 KiB)
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# nmcli con up company  ## 切换至公司网络会话
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7)
[root@linuxprobe Desktop]# ifconfig | head -n 5  ## 查看IP
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee4:f7b9  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:e4:f7:b9  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 68  bytes 7384 (7.2 KiB)