linux系统中ssh部署两台服务器远程免密登录

主机1：PC1，192.168.10.10

主机2：PC2，192.168.10.20

以下实现主要实现PC2远程免密登录PC1

1、测试PC2和PC1主机的连通性

[root@PC2 ~]# ifconfig | head -n 3  ## 查看PC2主机IP
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.20  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe25:bb3e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
[root@PC2 ~]# ping -c 3 192.168.10.10   ## 测试与 PC1连通性
PING 192.168.10.10 (192.168.10.10) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.234 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.226 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.10: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms

--- 192.168.10.10 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.191/0.217/0.234/0.018 ms

2、测试PC2直接远程登录PC1

[root@PC2 ~]# ssh root@192.168.10.10   ## 此时需要密码验证
root@192.168.10.10's password: 

3、在PC2端生成秘钥和公钥对

[root@PC2 ~]# ssh-keygen    ## 一路回车即可

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
72:b5:42:a2:c4:f5:34:54:b8:fd:8c:2b:76:7f:5b:61 root@PC2
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|      ..+o.      |
|   . . o..       |
|    o . oo.      |
|   . . o....     |
|    . . S .+   E |
|       o .. o . .|
|           .    .|
|        o o   .. |
|       . o ..... |
+-----------------+

[root@PC2 ~]# ls -a /root/.ssh/      ## 生成的公钥和秘钥在这里
.  ..  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts

4、在PC2端将公钥传输至PC1

[root@PC2 ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.10.10
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.10.10's password:    ## 此处输入PC1主机的root密码

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.10.10'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

5、PC2端测试远程免密登录

[root@PC2 ~]# ssh root@192.168.10.10   ## 此时无需密码可直接登录
Last login: Wed Dec  2 16:39:39 2020
[root@PC1 ~]# ifconfig | head -n 3
eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.10.10  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe66:37f7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
[root@PC1 ~]# exit  ## 退出
logout
Connection to 192.168.10.10 closed.

以上实验实现了PC2主机远程免密登录PC1主机。