1、三个关键概念
镜像（类似操作系统）、
容器（独立环境，集装箱）、
仓库（储存镜像）。
2、常用命令
a、docker info ## 查看基本信息
C:Users75377>docker info Client: Debug Mode: false Plugins: compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.0.0) scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0) Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 2 Server Version: 19.03.4 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: extfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc
……………………
b、docker version ##查看版本
C:Users75377>docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.4 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.10 Git commit: 9013bf5 Built: Thu Oct 17 23:44:48 2019 OS/Arch: windows/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.4 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.10 Git commit: 9013bf5 Built: Thu Oct 17 23:50:38 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: v1.2.10 GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657 docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683
c、
docker image ls ## 查看当前的镜像
C:Users75377>docker image ls ## 等价于docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE omicsclass/r-server latest 9702f80127d5 8 weeks ago 9.52GB omicsclass/blast-plus latest 4d81e514d744 14 months ago 2.08GB
d、查看特定项目的所有镜像，例如组学大讲堂
docker search omicsclass
C:Users75377>docker search omicsclass NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED omicsclass/rnaseq RNA-seq analysis docker image build by omics… 11 omicsclass/gene-family gene-family analysis docker image 6 omicsclass/samtools samtools v1.10 build by omicsclass 3 omicsclass/biocontainer-base Biocontainers base Image centos7 3 omicsclass/biolinux biolinux 8 image for learning linux 2 omicsclass/ampliseq-q2 Amplicon sequencing qiime2 v2020.8 image 1 omicsclass/isoseq3 isoseq3 v3.3.0 build by omicsclass 1 omicsclass/reseq whole genome resequence analysis 1 omicsclass/r-server rstudio server and R4.0.1 docker images 1 omicsclass/bsaseq NGS Bulk Segregant Analysis image 1 omicsclass/gsds-v2 GSDS 2.0 – Gene Structure Display Server 1 omicsclass/sratoolkit SRAtoolkit v2.10.3 and aspera v3.9.9.177872 0 omicsclass/blastall legacy blastall v2.2.26 0 omicsclass/ampliseq-q1 Amplicon sequencing image (qiime1 v1.9.1 ) 0 omicsclass/pop-evol-gwas population genomics evolutionary and gwas a… 0 omicsclass/blast-plus blast+ v2.9.0 0 omicsclass/bwa BWA v0.7.17 build by omicsclass 0 omicsclass/eggnog batch gene annotation for GO and KEGG enric… 0 omicsclass/roll-server rockscluster roll server apache 0 yuanzhengrong/omicsclass_blast-plus 0
e、如何下载镜像： 镜像官网：https://registry.hub.docker.com/
docker pull omicsclass/samtools
C:Users75377>docker search omicsclass NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED omicsclass/rnaseq RNA-seq analysis docker image build by omics… 11 omicsclass/gene-family gene-family analysis docker image 6 omicsclass/samtools samtools v1.10 build by omicsclass 3 omicsclass/biocontainer-base Biocontainers base Image centos7 3 omicsclass/biolinux biolinux 8 image for learning linux 2 omicsclass/ampliseq-q2 Amplicon sequencing qiime2 v2020.8 image 1 omicsclass/isoseq3 isoseq3 v3.3.0 build by omicsclass 1 omicsclass/reseq whole genome resequence analysis 1 omicsclass/r-server rstudio server and R4.0.1 docker images 1 omicsclass/bsaseq NGS Bulk Segregant Analysis image 1 omicsclass/gsds-v2 GSDS 2.0 – Gene Structure Display Server 1 omicsclass/ampliseq-q1 Amplicon sequencing image (qiime1 v1.9.1 ) 0 omicsclass/sratoolkit SRAtoolkit v2.10.3 and aspera v3.9.9.177872 0 omicsclass/blastall legacy blastall v2.2.26 0 omicsclass/pop-evol-gwas population genomics evolutionary and gwas a… 0 omicsclass/blast-plus blast+ v2.9.0 0 omicsclass/bwa BWA v0.7.17 build by omicsclass 0 omicsclass/eggnog batch gene annotation for GO and KEGG enric… 0 omicsclass/roll-server rockscluster roll server apache 0 yuanzhengrong/omicsclass_blast-plus 0 C:Users75377>docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE omicsclass/r-server latest 9702f80127d5 8 weeks ago 9.52GB omicsclass/blast-plus latest 4d81e514d744 14 months ago 2.08GB C:Users75377>docker pull omicsclass/samtools Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from omicsclass/samtools 75f829a71a1c: Already exists 2f1aa22a89fc: Already exists 63ddc5221a96: Already exists 59d01c5dde5f: Already exists caaff27a35cb: Already exists b9dd84a3fbec: Already exists ab1e815fcac7: Already exists afdfc93ac601: Pull complete Digest: sha256:6bfe450f9e293697bbba18cb1d9166a57351266c33fe1a007c20097e71788075 Status: Downloaded newer image for omicsclass/samtools:latest docker.io/omicsclass/samtools:latest C:Users75377>docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE omicsclass/r-server latest 9702f80127d5 8 weeks ago 9.52GB omicsclass/blast-plus latest 4d81e514d744 14 months ago 2.08GB omicsclass/samtools latest 03c0d88d7279 14 months ago 1.88GB
f、如何删除镜像
docker image rm 9702f80127d5
C:Users75377>docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE omicsclass/r-server latest 9702f80127d5 8 weeks ago 9.52GB omicsclass/blast-plus latest 4d81e514d744 14 months ago 2.08GB omicsclass/samtools latest 03c0d88d7279 14 months ago 1.88GB C:Users75377>docker image rm 9702f80127d5 ## 这里删除上面蓝色的镜像 Untagged: omicsclass/r-server:latest Untagged: omicsclass/r-server@sha256:6b0fe507035d7bae9208b1a4a03083c0d67d4e12cdcd63259b4e8f0d8499f1b1 Deleted: sha256:9702f80127d5c2e23f6ee0654b73354f180e5dcf3ff0f133961f35bee201d91d Deleted: sha256:aff35628986437488413b07747e5841475be6014688302aedeb1caf817d4a1e1 Deleted: sha256:54d05bc3d7b3eb0ac3adaa2e3b068f4e6d86bd2034d996e04c293c454e59dd60 Deleted: sha256:814cdb34769dd5c1ad7913aa4449ec283e9f855342a087ac085b3f4aea4c2202 Deleted: sha256:d00e2ceb77b3449d4bb5903a701711762a1e5494a899720ebae0569b5114d717 Deleted: sha256:e7c531ae90ba0d5e4af940ef1d2d0219881182c178a49479351e1056258e889f Deleted: sha256:4ad9c7ed3fcd60ab373b185597f0c63512c8653596bec4996f1cb39f85f894e6 Deleted: sha256:65d2c9f2e5ce9b7ca80dd51f72339496686d2f8e5b247e7b192a9f806a6bf375 Deleted: sha256:2a643e7c6eb7b6926891e885338e40e873789ab03a6d337a39b65cb707d49e2b Deleted: sha256:e7829a46b51d62469ea247da3bab0b478ef5ce3f7612d103edbeabe19a42ff7c Deleted: sha256:92d211ae4181579afe1a3866c0525dfb8be7d6b10d229357e6a545ed1c317975 Deleted: sha256:96d4ce338c68d9a5fb7f72b199801722442b4c1d0ff950c4733e7755c76d6a34 Deleted: sha256:fc33c962e26189c7dd46747c4a2f6427aa76276227db018c7bcee0c59771d306 Deleted: sha256:9d897aa3997501a881363663cf6051a7e3dc26c62551394856aedd2fc5ddd5bc Deleted: sha256:65398df90713aba11f7d3c13ee784ee3c06bfa9691623c8da5502a3098b97e59 Deleted: sha256:57354102fc172dea56cc095792c816ec8beabfdfd29e82da5ba2ded23412d9de Deleted: sha256:0c732dd4afecbc40560f45eeb6c0c44db819edf1e3235b9b4113b229d347d952 Deleted: sha256:4aaaa37ed1ad8213d9293fbd2bda80658f3b8583dfd76058f96c36fa10978fe1 Deleted: sha256:4eb9b442995f0bcf1065874ef4731058287e2deccc14c684d522a513a86e2ffb Deleted: sha256:81314116a417e9fd4fe930ca4eb61164d09edff9530bace9d86b660392443e27 Deleted: sha256:05c004fab4523fcbf000b59c72560d5e94b74c8b26c17d0756ef5999401f3798 Deleted: sha256:28f8ea598a444eaa17d0b1a8b7122c8c233dc1fcbae13d189807b85248b0e6fe Deleted: sha256:67aae11461a13d711ccd01dfa30ec7189b4cdbb0541cb4db5836e89dc342a838 Deleted: sha256:b3fb9f6b6a0cccc4643fae01ae9cee2682550029d2fe975856caaa952fa8b068 Deleted: sha256:e4d3c0a79c9c920214394d15f619b1a04a6e1d4c5b6c7adcdb84077c0d578f78 Deleted: sha256:7299e9a20a0d8bc0a8ac81ec07e088c0348330604f78969cfc32b9d35bdd1213 Deleted: sha256:359262fca4e7b2c7121d7bd7503407ced09c1d83f2e12cdb055493302b9df157 Deleted: sha256:ff0edef7b024f8977f17745b62110d1d982e9c8769992e1b34f88ba056420bea Deleted: sha256:174f5685490326fc0a1c0f5570b8663732189b327007e47ff13d2ca59673db02 C:Users75377>docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE omicsclass/blast-plus latest 4d81e514d744 14 months ago 2.08GB omicsclass/samtools latest 03c0d88d7279 14 months ago 1.88GB
g、如何从镜像进入容器
C:Users75377>docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE omicsclass/blast-plus latest 4d81e514d744 14 months ago 2.08GB omicsclass/samtools latest 03c0d88d7279 14 months ago 1.88GB C:Users75377>docker run --rm -it omicsclass/blast-plus:latest ## 进入上面蓝色部分的容器 ###################################################### # 欢迎使用组学大讲堂提供的docker镜像 # # 问题交流请访问：www.omicsclass.com # ###################################################### Linux新手建议学习课程： --> https://www.omicsclass.com/article/702 搭建实验室生信分析平台与docker使用详情见课程： --> https://www.omicsclass.com/article/1181 更多组学大讲堂生物信息分析课程： --> https://www.omicsclass.com/article/129 [root@321507e2bad8 16:27:01 /work]# ls ## 从此刻开始进入linux操作环境 [root@321507e2bad8 16:27:09 /work]# echo "xxxzzz" xxxzzz [root@321507e2bad8 16:27:13 /work]#
h、如何退出容器
[root@321507e2bad8 16:27:13 /work]# exit exit
i、如何将本机目录与容器共享
这是windows目录：
首次进入会询问分享确认， 同时还需要输入微软账户与密码。
C:Users75377>docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE omicsclass/blast-plus latest 4d81e514d744 14 months ago 2.08GB omicsclass/samtools latest 03c0d88d7279 14 months ago 1.88GB C:Users75377>docker run --rm -it -v C:Users75377Desktopaaa:/work omicsclass/blast-plus:latest ## 共享目录 ###################################################### # 欢迎使用组学大讲堂提供的docker镜像 # # 问题交流请访问：www.omicsclass.com # ###################################################### Linux新手建议学习课程： --> https://www.omicsclass.com/article/702 搭建实验室生信分析平台与docker使用详情见课程： --> https://www.omicsclass.com/article/1181 更多组学大讲堂生物信息分析课程： --> https://www.omicsclass.com/article/129 [root@a97fb6c466b8 16:37:56 /work]# ls [root@a97fb6c466b8 16:38:30 /work]# echo "xxxaaaa" > a.txt ## 在容器中创建一个目录 [root@a97fb6c466b8 16:38:40 /work]# ls a.txt
在windows拖进来两个文件。
linux查看：
说明目录共享成功。
j、docker ps 查看后台docker命令
kdocker logs NAMES. 查看命令。
l、docker exec -it NAMES bash