linux 系统中sed预存储技术 示例

1、直接测试

root@PC1:/home/test# ls
a.fna
root@PC1:/home/test# cat a.fna
>NC_019458.2 Ovis aries breed Texel chromosome 1, Oar_v4.0, [whole genome shotgun sequence] ## 利用sed实现仅保留红色背景部分
gataaaaaataaatagaaacaaaatcactgaagaaCCAGTGTGCCTGCTCAGGTCAGATGAAGCCAGAGGGCTGCCAGAG
GGCAAGCGAGCTGCGTTGCCTGGAAAAAGTTAAACACACAGAGAGCATGGTGGCTCTGATACTTTCTAGAAGGATTAAAG
TCACTTTCCCAGTCTTTATGAGAATTGGGCCGAAGCTTAGCTGGTGCAACGAATTTAGAAATGAATGCACTTGCATTTGA
>NC_019458.2 Ovis aries breed Texel chromosome 1, Oar_v4.0, [whole genome shotgun sequence]
AGATGATGTGTCTTTGCCTTGAgctaaaaattttagaataatctgaACGTCATCTGAGGAACCTGCTTCTGGCGTGGTTT
TGGTGTCAGCATCTTCTCACCCTCTCTAGTAATTTTCAGTATGCATTTCTATTTTCGTGTAGTTATTTACAGGAGCATTT
TATGGAAAACCGGCTCAAATCTTTTTGGGTGCAGGGGTAGTTCAAATGCACTGAGACCCTCAGTTTCACTTGCTAATCTC
>NC_019458.2 Ovis aries breed Texel chromosome 1, Oar_v4.0, [whole genome shotgun sequence]
CTCCAGAAACCCTGTTCTCCTCGAGTGACAAGGTCAGCAGGGCAGCACGTGTGTTCCTGTCACTGCCAACTCAAGAATAT
GAAGTTTAAAGAGTTTCACCATCAAATGCAGTGTCGTGGACTGCCCCTGAACAGGTGTTTATAATCACGTGTGCAAGTGA
AGCAAGCACAAATCCTCAGTGGAAAACGGGCAGAGGACACGAGCagacaattctttttaaaaactgcacaaATTAGCACA
>NC_019458.2 Ovis aries breed Texel chromosome 1, Oar_v4.0, [whole genome shotgun sequence]
CTAGGCACGGATGAGCGTGCCTACCGTGTTGCATGGAGGTAACAGATGCCAGAGCCCGGAGGAGGCGCAAAGCTCACAAA
CAGATGCGGACCGCAGGAAGCCGGGACGGCCTTCCTCCCCTGAAGCAGGAGGACGCGCCCTACAGAAAGCCGCTCGATCC
TCCAGGCATTTGTTGTGAGCACTTAATCATCATTCGATCATTTGACGTGTACTCACTAGTAAAAGGCAGGACTGTGTCCC
root@PC1:/home/test# sed 's/\(>[^\s]\+\)\s.*\(\[.*\]\)/\1 \2/' a.fna  ##使用正则表达式，第一个小括号被保存在\1中，第二个小括号被保存在\2中
>NC_019458.2 [whole genome shotgun sequence]
gataaaaaataaatagaaacaaaatcactgaagaaCCAGTGTGCCTGCTCAGGTCAGATGAAGCCAGAGGGCTGCCAGAG
GGCAAGCGAGCTGCGTTGCCTGGAAAAAGTTAAACACACAGAGAGCATGGTGGCTCTGATACTTTCTAGAAGGATTAAAG
TCACTTTCCCAGTCTTTATGAGAATTGGGCCGAAGCTTAGCTGGTGCAACGAATTTAGAAATGAATGCACTTGCATTTGA
>NC_019458.2 [whole genome shotgun sequence]
AGATGATGTGTCTTTGCCTTGAgctaaaaattttagaataatctgaACGTCATCTGAGGAACCTGCTTCTGGCGTGGTTT
TGGTGTCAGCATCTTCTCACCCTCTCTAGTAATTTTCAGTATGCATTTCTATTTTCGTGTAGTTATTTACAGGAGCATTT
TATGGAAAACCGGCTCAAATCTTTTTGGGTGCAGGGGTAGTTCAAATGCACTGAGACCCTCAGTTTCACTTGCTAATCTC
>NC_019458.2 [whole genome shotgun sequence]
CTCCAGAAACCCTGTTCTCCTCGAGTGACAAGGTCAGCAGGGCAGCACGTGTGTTCCTGTCACTGCCAACTCAAGAATAT
GAAGTTTAAAGAGTTTCACCATCAAATGCAGTGTCGTGGACTGCCCCTGAACAGGTGTTTATAATCACGTGTGCAAGTGA
AGCAAGCACAAATCCTCAGTGGAAAACGGGCAGAGGACACGAGCagacaattctttttaaaaactgcacaaATTAGCACA
>NC_019458.2 [whole genome shotgun sequence]
CTAGGCACGGATGAGCGTGCCTACCGTGTTGCATGGAGGTAACAGATGCCAGAGCCCGGAGGAGGCGCAAAGCTCACAAA
CAGATGCGGACCGCAGGAAGCCGGGACGGCCTTCCTCCCCTGAAGCAGGAGGACGCGCCCTACAGAAAGCCGCTCGATCC
TCCAGGCATTTGTTGTGAGCACTTAATCATCATTCGATCATTTGACGTGTACTCACTAGTAAAAGGCAGGACTGTGTCCC

2、简单示例

root@PC1:/home/test# echo "hello world" | sed 's/\(hello\).*/world \1/'  ##hello存储在\1中，匹配了完整的hello world，因此替换为 world hello
world hello

3、示例3

root@PC1:/home/test# cat mysed.txt    ## 在第一个Beijing和第4个Beijing后面添加2008
Beijing Beijing Beijing Beijing
London London London London
root@PC1:/home/test# sed 's/\(^Beijing\)\(.*\)\(Beijing$\)/\1 2008\2\3 2008/' mysed.txt 
Beijing 2008 Beijing Beijing Beijing 2008
London London London London

 参考：http://c.biancheng.net/linux/sed.html