利用perl批量重命名文件

使用perl自带函数rename可以重命名文件名称，具体用法，rename $old_name, $new_name。

例如，要把文件名中“7--1_F03_2018-12-28.fsa”中的前缀“7--”去除。

use strict;

my $DIR_PATH = "./"; # current directory
opendir TEMP, ${DIR_PATH} || die "Can not open this directory";
my @filelist = readdir TEMP; #读取目录下的所有文件名

foreach (@filelist) {
    my $tmp = $_;
    if ( $tmp ne "." && $tmp ne ".." ) { #去掉当前目录和上级目录，非必须
        if ( $tmp  =~ /^7--(.+\.fsa)/ ) { #运用正则筛选需要替换的部分
           rename( $DIR_PATH . $_, $DIR_PATH . $1);
        }
  }
}

再如调换A01_1.fsa名字中的下划线前后的顺序，简化版为：

use strict;

opendir TEMP, "./" || die "Can not open this directory";
my @filelist = readdir TEMP; #

foreach (@filelist) {
    if ( /(\d{1,2})_(\w{3}).fsa/ ) {
        rename( "./$_", "./".$2."_".$1.".fsa" );
  }
}

use strict;
use File::Copy qw(copy cp);

opendir TEMP1, "./" || die "Can not open this directory TEMP1 $!";
my $res_dir = "rename".time();
mkdir $res_dir || warn "Can't create directory: $!";

my @filelist = readdir TEMP1; #

foreach (@filelist) {
    if ( /\d{2}--(\d{1,2}).+fsa/ ) {
        copy( "./$_", $res_dir."/p2h2_".$1.".fsa" ); 
  }
}

关于perl的文件系统的操作实例，之前的例子还有：

合并并转化一代测序seq纯文本为fasta格式文件

气相PLFA原始数据整合处理脚本

脚本参阅

关于Perl文件操作——批量修改文件名

 

根据文件夹名称重名文件

利用cwd()获取路径在strict下会报错，所以注释掉。

#use strict;

use Cwd(getcwd,cwd);
#print getcwd();
if (cwd() =~ /(p\d{1,2})_\d{1,2}/){
    my $block = $1;
    opendir TEMP, "./" || die "Can not open this directory";
    my @filelist = readdir TEMP; #
    foreach (@filelist) {
        if ( /\S{2}_(\S{3})\.fsa/ ) {
            rename( "./$_", $block ."_". $1.".fsa" );
      }
    }
}else{
    die "Directory Name is wrong";
}

 如果要同时对多个目录进行操作可以用，glob操作符，然后用上述脚本；也可以在文件夹和文件名统一后，依次遍历，此外可以用File::Copy来代替Rename操作，后者相当于剪切，调试时容易弄丢原始数据。

use strict;
use File::Copy qw(copy cp);

opendir TEMP1, "./" || die "Can not open this directory TEMP1 $!";
my $res_dir = "result".time();
mkdir $res_dir || warn "Can't create directory: $!";
my @dir_list = readdir TEMP1;
foreach(@dir_list){
    if (/(p\d{1,2})_\d{1,2}/){
        my $dir = $_;
        my $block = $1;
        opendir TEMP2, "./$dir/" || die "Can not open this directory TEMP2 $!";
        my @file_list = readdir TEMP2;
        foreach (@file_list) {
            if ( /\S{2,3}_(\S{3})\.fsa/ ) {
                copy( "./$dir/$_", $res_dir."/".$block ."_". $1.".fsa" ); #or rename()
            }
        }
        closedir(TEMP2);
    }
closedir(TEMP1);
}

use strict;
use File::Copy qw(copy cp);

opendir TEMP1, "./" || die "Can not open this directory TEMP1 $!";
my $res_dir = "result".time();
mkdir $res_dir || warn "Can't create directory: $!";
my @dir_list = readdir TEMP1;
foreach(@dir_list){
    if (/(p\d{1,2})_\d{1,2}/){
        my $dir = $_;
        my $block = $1;
        opendir TEMP2, "./$dir/" || die "Can not open this directory TEMP2 $!";
        my @file_list = readdir TEMP2;
        foreach (@file_list) {
            if ( /\S{2,3}_(\S{3})\.fsa/ ) {
                copy( "./$dir/$_", $res_dir."/".$block ."_". $1.".fsa" ); #or rename
            }
        }
        closedir(TEMP2);
    }
closedir(TEMP1);
}