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  • Django学习_Day19

    基本配置

     python3 manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000  启动服务

    python3 manage.py startapp cmdb
    python3 manage.py startapp monitor  创建app

    路由


    from django.conf.urls import url,include
    from django.contrib import admin

    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
        url(r'^cmdb/', include('cmdb.urls')),
        url(r'^monitor/', include('monitor.urls')),

     url(r'^detail-(d+)/',def detail(request,nid))),

    ]

    static文件配置

    STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIR=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),)

    views配置

    1.至少一个参数：request

    2.request 包含请求的所有信息

    request.get  去请求头里面拿数据

    request.post  去请求体里面拿数据，也就是去request.body里面取值

    request.body  请求体里面原生的值，如果post里面没有数据，就去body里面找

    request.FILES  取文件

    3. 处理完给用户返回

    return  HttpResponse(..)   #返回字典或数据         return HttpResponse(json.dumps(task_result,default=date_handler))

    return render  把当前获取到的值，返回到html渲染

    return  render(request,"new_article.html",{"form":article_form})

    return render(request,'multitask_file.html',locals())     

    return render(request,'index.html')

    locals()返回一个包含当前作用域里面的所有变量和它们的值的字典

    return redirect()  后面跟具体的请求路径        return redirect("/category/all/")

    1 from django.shortcuts import render
2 from django.shortcuts import redirect
3 from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
4 from cmdb import models
5 
6 # Create your views here.
7 def users(request):
8     return HttpResponse('OK')
    views

    创建数据库

    from django.db import models
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    uid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    根据app的models.py生成数据库表
        python manage.py makemigrations
        python manage.py migrate

    自定义配置数据库

     1  DATABASES = {
 2                         'default': {
 3                         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
 4                         'NAME':'dbname',
 5                         'USER': 'root',
 6                         'PASSWORD': 'xxx',
 7                         'HOST': '',
 8                         'PORT': '',
 9                         }
10                     }
    配置数据库

     数据库基本操作

    类---》数据库的表

    字段----》列

    对象---》一行数据

    查：

    models.tb.objects.all()
    models.tb.objects.filter(nid=1)
    models.tb.objects.filter(nid=1).first()

    删：

    models.tb.objects.all().delete()
    models.tb.objects.filter(nid=1).delete()

    增：

    models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u,pwd=p,age=a)

    改：

    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=uuid).update(username=u,pwd=p,age=a)

    模板引擎

    基本语法
    取值：return render(request,'xx.html',{v:[1234]})
    {{v.2}}

    {% for i in d%}
    {{i}}  -->循环所有key
    {%endfor%}
    {% for k,v in d.items%}
    {{k}} --{{v}}
    {%endfor%}


    特殊规则：
        - 1
            {{k1}}
        
        - 2
            {% if a == 123 %}
            
            {% else %}
            
            {% endif %}
        
        - 3
            {% for item in LIST %}
                {{item}}
            {% endfor %}
        - 4
            # 索引：字典.k1     列表.1
            
        - 5.自定义模板方法
            - filter:       在if条件中做条件时
            - simple_tag:   在页面仅显示内容时
            
        - 6. extends
            - 模板的继承
            
        - 7. include
            - 导入公共组件

    Cookie和Session

    obj = redirect(‘、home’)

    obj.set_cookie('uuuu',u,max-age=10) 设置cookie超时时间10s

    v= request.COOKIES.get(‘uuuuu’)  获取cookie

    session 服务器端保存的键值对  key是随机字符串

    request.session['user'] =u

    前者是用户浏览器上的一个键值对，后者是放在服务器端的键值对

    session = {
        'asdfasdfasd': {'username':'hailong'},
        'asdfasdfasdf': {username:'feinikesi'},

    }
    注销：
     request.session.clear()
    return redirect('/login/')
    settings里面设置
     1  SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db'   # 引擎（默认）
 2      
 3     SESSION_COOKIE_NAME ＝ "sessionid"                       # Session的cookie保存在浏览器上时的key，即：sessionid＝随机字符串（默认）
 4     SESSION_COOKIE_PATH ＝ "/"                               # Session的cookie保存的路径（默认）
 5     SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None                             # Session的cookie保存的域名（默认）
 6     SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False                            # 是否Https传输cookie（默认）
 7     SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True                           # 是否Session的cookie只支持http传输（默认）
 8     SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600                             # Session的cookie失效日期（2周）（默认）
 9     SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False                  # 是否关闭浏览器使得Session过期（默认）
10     SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = True                       # 是否每次请求都保存Session，默认修改之后才保存（默认）

    ORM操作

    models.UserInfo.objects.all()   返回Queryset类型(特殊的列表，每一行就是一个userinfo对象)

    models.UserInfo.objects.values('name','pwd')  内部元素是字典

    models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('name','pwd')   内部元素是列表

     models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='alex')  条件过滤，取到的是对象

     models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='alex').values(...)    变成字典

    models.UserInfo.objects.get(name='alex')  获取一个元素，没有找到和找到多了 都会报错

    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='alex').first()  获取一个元素，如果有多个取第一个，没有返回None

    class DePart(models.Model):
        title = models.CharField(max_length=16)

    class UserInfo(models.Model):
        username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
        dp = models.ForeignKey("DePart")

     正向查询：

    q = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    q = models.UserInfo.objects.all().only('id','name')   #只取
    q = models.UserInfo.objects.all().defer('id','name')   #不取


    for row in q:
         print(row.username,row.password,row.dp_id,row.dp.id,row.dp.title)
    q = models.UserInfo.objects.values('username','password','dp__title')
    q = models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('username','password','dp__title')
        print(q)
    反向查询：
    q = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    for row in q:
        print(row.username,row.password,row.dp_id,row.dp.id,row.dp.title)
    q = models.UserInfo.objects.values('username','password','dp__title')
    q = models.UserInfo.objects.values_list('username','password','dp__title')
    print(q)
    v = models.DePart.objects.all()
    for row in v:
        print(row.id,row.title,row.userinfo_set.values('username'))
        print(row.id,row.title,row.userinfo_set.all())
    v1 = models.DePart.objects.values('id','title','userinfo__username')
    for row1 in v1:
        print(row1)
    总结：
    all方法(对象)：正向跨表查询用字段.字段，比如，row.dp.title；反向查询用小写的表名_set,例如：row.userinfo_set.all()
    values和values_list方法(字典,元组)：正向跨表查询用字段__字段,比如 dp__title;反向查询用小写表名__字段，例如：userinfo__username

     通用分页功能

    1     <nav aria-label="...">
2             <ul class="pagination">
3                 {{ page_info.page_str|safe }}
4             </ul>
5         </nav>
6     </div>
     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 """  
 4 @Author:Liumj
 5 @file: page.py 
 6 @time: 2018/1/6 0:01 
 7 """
 8 """
 9 使用方式：
10     all_count = models.UserInfo.objects.all().count()
11     page_info = PageInfo(request.GET.get('p'),10,all_count,request.path_info)
12     user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()[page_info.start():page_info.end()]
13 
14     return render(request,'users2.html',{'user_list':user_list,'page_info':page_info})
15 """
16 
17 class PageInfo(object):
18     def __init__(self,current_page,per_page_num,all_count,base_url,page_range=9):
19         """
20 
21         :param current_page: 当前页
22         :param per_page_num: 每页显示数据条数
23         :param all_count:  数据库总个数
24         :param base_url:  页码标签前缀
25         :param page_range: 页面最多显示的页码个数
26         """
27         try:
28             current_page = int(current_page)
29         except Exception as e:
30             current_page = int(1)
31         self.current_page = current_page
32         self.per_page_num = per_page_num
33         self.all_count = all_count
34         self.base_url = base_url
35         a,b = divmod(self.all_count,self.per_page_num)
36         if b !=0:
37             self.all_page = a+1
38         else:
39             self.all_page = a
40         self.page_range = page_range
41     def start(self):
42         return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_num
43     def end(self):
44         return self.current_page * self.per_page_num
45     def page_str(self):
46         page_list = []
47         first_page = '<li><a href="%s?p=%s">首页</a></li>' %(self.base_url,1)
48         page_list.append(first_page)
49         if self.current_page <=1:
50             prev_page = '<li><a href="#">上一页</a></li>'
51         else:
52             prev_page = '<li><a href="%s?p=%s">上一页</a></li>' %(self.base_url,self.current_page-1)
53         page_list.append(prev_page)
54 
55         if self.all_page <=self.page_range:
56             start = 1
57             end = self.all_page + 1
58         else:
59             if self.current_page >int(self.page_range/2):
60                 if self.current_page + int(self.page_range/2) > self.all_page:
61                     start = self.all_page  - self.page_range + 1
62                     end = self.all_page + 1
63                 else:
64                     start = self.current_page - int(self.page_range/2)
65                     end = self.current_page + int(self.page_range/2) + 1
66             else:
67                 start = 1
68                 end = self.page_range + 1
69         for i in range(start,end):
70             if self.current_page == i:
71                 temp = '<li class="active"><a href="%s?p=%s">%s</a></li>' %(self.base_url,i,i)
72             else:
73                 temp = '<li><a href="%s?p=%s">%s</a></li>' %(self.base_url,i,i)
74             page_list.append(temp)
75 
76         if self.current_page >= self.all_page:
77             next_page = '<li><a href="#">下一页</a></li>'
78         else:
79             next_page = '<li><a href="%s?p=%s">下一页</a></li>' %(self.base_url,self.current_page+1)
80         page_list.append(next_page)
81 
82         end_page = '<li><a href="%s?p=%s">尾页</a></li>' % (self.base_url, self.all_page)
83         page_list.append(end_page)
84 
85         return  "".join(page_list)
    View Code

     

    form表单

    功能：

    验证用户请求

    自动生成html(保留上次提交内容)

    字段：

            CharField（字符串）   EmailField（邮件格式）  IntergerField（整型，数字格式）  GenericIPAdderessField（IP格式）    FiledField(文件) ChoiceField（多选） RegexField（自定义字符串）

    插件：

         widgets.TextInput 

        widgets.PasswordInput
         widgets.Textarea

    widgets.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'},choices=[(1,'普通用户'),(2,"超级用户")])
    widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={'class': 'form-control'},choices=[(1,'普通用户'),(2,"超级用户")])

    widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),))

    widget=widgets.CheckboxInput()
    widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple()

    widget=widgets.FileInput()

     FK表：

    问题：数据源无法实时更新

    重写构造函数

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(UserForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
        self.fields['ut_id'].widget.choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')

     1 from django import forms
 2 from django.forms import  fields
 3 from django.forms import widgets
 4 class UserForm(forms.Form):
 5     username = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':"用户名必填"},
 6                                 widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
 7     password = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':"密码必填"},
 8                                 widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 9     email = fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={'required':"邮箱必填",'invalid':"邮箱格式错误"},
10                               widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
11 
12 def add_user(request):
13     if request.method == 'GET':
14         obj = UserForm()
15         return  render(request,'add-user.html',{'obj':obj})
16     else:
17         #获取用户提交的数据
18         #数据和正则进行验证
19         obj = UserForm(request.POST)
20         if obj.is_valid():
21             print("验证通过",obj.cleaned_data)
22 
23         else:
24             pass
25             # print("错误信息",obj.errors["username"][0])
26             # print("错误信息",obj.errors["password"][0])
27             # print("错误信息",obj.errors["email"][0])
28         return render(request,'add-user.html',{'obj':obj})
    表单

    缓存

    配置(内存缓存方式)，全局配置

     1 CACHES = {
 2             'default': {
 3                 'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
 4                 'LOCATION': 'unique-snowflake',
 5                 'TIMEOUT':300,
 6             },
 7         'OPTIONS': {
 8                 'MAX_ENTRIES': 300,  # 最大缓存个数（默认300）
 9                  'CULL_FREQUENCY': 10,#缓存达到最大个数时，剔除缓存个数的比例
10     }}

    1.全站缓存

    MIDDLEWARE = [
         'django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware',   #第一行
       。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
        'django.middleware.cache.FetchFromCacheMiddleware',  #最后一行
    ]

    2.单独试图函数缓存

    1 from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
2 # Create your views here.
3 @cache_page(10)  #缓存时间10s
4 def index(request):+
5     ctime = time.time()
6     return  render(request,'index.html',{'ctime':ctime})

    3.局部模板缓存

     1 {% load cache %}
 2 <!DOCTYPE html>
 3 <html lang="en">
 4 <head>
 5     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 6     <title>Title</title>
 7 </head>
 8 <body>
 9     {% cache 5000 xxx %}
10     <h1>{{ ctime }}</h1>
11     {% endcache %}
12     <h3>{{ ctime }}</h3>
13 
14 </body>
15 </html>

    综合练习

     1 from django.shortcuts import render
 2 from django.shortcuts import redirect
 3 from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
 4 from cmdb import models
 5 
 6 # Create your views here.
 7 def users(request):
 8     v = request.session.get('username')
 9     if not v:
10         return redirect('/cmdb/login')
11     server_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
12     return render(
13         request,
14         'server1.html',
15         {'server_list':server_list,'current_user':v}
16     )
17 def add_user(request):
18     if request.method == "GET":
19         return render(request,'add_user.html')
20     elif request.method == "POST":
21         u = request.POST.get('user')
22         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
23         a = request.POST.get('age')
24         models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u,pwd=p,age=a)
25         return redirect('/cmdb/users')
26 def del_user(request):
27     if request.method == "GET":
28         uuid =request.GET.get('uid')
29         models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=uuid).delete()
30         return redirect('/cmdb/users')
31 def edit_user(request):
32     if request.method == "GET":
33         uuid = request.GET.get('uid')
34         obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid =uuid).first()
35         return render(request,'edit_user.html',{"obj":obj})
36     elif request.method == 'POST':
37         uuid = request.POST.get('uid')
38         u = request.POST.get('user')
39         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
40         a = request.POST.get('age')
41         obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=uuid).update(username=u,pwd=p,age=a)
42         return redirect('/cmdb/users')
43 def edit_user_new(request,uuid):
44     if request.method == 'GET':
45         obj=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=uuid).first()
46         return render(request,'edit_user_new.html',{'obj':obj})
47     elif request.method == 'POST':
48         u = request.POST.get('user')
49         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
50         a = request.POST.get('age')
51         obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=uuid).update(username=u, pwd=p, age=a)
52         return redirect('/cmdb/users')
53 def upload(request):
54     if request.method == "GET":
55         return render(request,'upload.html')
56     elif request.method == "POST":
57         obj = request.FILES.get('up')
58         import os
59         #f = open(os.path.join('upload',obj.name),'wb')
60         f = open(os.path.join('upload', obj.name), 'wb')
61         #f = open(obj.name,'wb')
62         for line in obj.chunks():
63             f.write(line)
64         f.close()
65         return HttpResponse('...')
66 def tpl(request):
67     return render(request,'tpl.html',{'sum':'nihaohelloljdfskadl;dkj;lj'})
68 def group(request):
69     return render(request,'group.html')
70 def login(request):
71     if request.method == 'GET':
72         return render(request,'login.html')
73     elif request.method == 'POST':
74         u = request.POST.get('user')
75         p = request.POST.get('pwd')
76         obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=u,pwd=p)
77         if obj:
78             obj = redirect('/cmdb/users')
79             #obj.set_cookie(key='user_name', value=u, max_age=10)
80             request.session['username'] = u
81             return obj
82         else:
83             return render(request,'login.html',{'msg':'用户名或密码错误'})
    views
     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 # Author:Liumj
 4 from django.conf.urls import url,include
 5 from django.contrib import admin
 6 from cmdb import views
 7 
 8 urlpatterns = [
 9     url(r'^users$',views.users),
10     url(r'^add_user$',views.add_user),
11     url(r'^del_user$',views.del_user),
12     url(r'^edit_user$',views.edit_user),
13     url(r'^edit_user_new-(?P<uuid>d+).html$',views.edit_user_new,name='nnn'),
14     url(r'^upload$',views.upload),
15     url(r'^tpl.html$',views.tpl),
16     url(r'^group$',views.group),
17     url(r'^login$',views.login),
18 ]
    urls
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/liumj0305/p/6544710.html
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