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  • Android 从零编写一个带标签 TagTextView

    最近公司的项目升级到了 9.x,随之而来的就是一大波的更新,其中有个比较明显的改变就是很多板块都出了一个带标签的设计图,如下:

    怎么实现

    看到这个,大多数小伙伴都能想到这就是一个简单的图文混排,不由得会想到鸿洋大佬的图文并排控件 MixtureTextView,或者自己写一个也不麻烦,只需要利用 shape 背景文件结合 SpannableString 即可。

    确实如此,利用 SpannableString 确实是最方便快捷的方式,但稍不注意这里可能会踩坑。

    private fun convertViewToBitmap(view: View): Bitmap {
        view.isDrawingCacheEnabled = true
        view.measure(View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED), View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED))
        view.layout(0, 0, view.measuredWidth, view.measuredHeight)
        view.buildDrawingCache()
        val bitmap = view.drawingCache
        view.isDrawingCacheEnabled = false
        view.destroyDrawingCache()
        return bitmap
    }
    
    fun setTagText(style: Int, content: String) {
        val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.layout_codoon_tag_textview, null)
        val tagView = view.findViewById<CommonShapeButton>(R.id.tvName)
        val tag = when (style) {
            STYLE_NONE -> {
                ""
            }
            STYLE_CODOON -> {
                tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_codoon.toColorRes())
                tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_codoon.toColorRes())
                "自营"
            }
            STYLE_JD -> {
                tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_jd.toColorRes())
                tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_jd.toColorRes())
                "京东"
            }
            STYLE_TM -> {
                tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_tm.toColorRes())
                tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_tm.toColorRes())
                "天猫"
            }
            STYLE_PDD -> {
                tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_pdd.toColorRes())
                tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_pdd.toColorRes())
                "拼多多"
            }
            STYLE_TB -> {
                tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_tb.toColorRes())
                tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_tb.toColorRes())
                "淘宝"
            }
            else -> {
                ""
            }
        }
        val spannableString = SpannableString("$tag$content")
        val bitmap = convertViewToBitmap(view)
        val drawable = BitmapDrawable(resources, bitmap)
        drawable.setBounds(0, 0, tagView.width, tagView.height)
        spannableString.setSpan(CenterImageSpan(drawable), 0, tag.length, Spannable.SPAN_INCLUSIVE_INCLUSIVE)
        text = spannableString
        gravity = Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL
    }
    
    companion object {
        const val STYLE_NONE = 0
        const val STYLE_JD = 1
        const val STYLE_TB = 2
        const val STYLE_CODOON = 3
        const val STYLE_PDD = 4
        const val STYLE_TM = 5
    }
    

    xml 文件的样式就不必在这里贴了,很简单,就是一个带 shape 背景的 TextView,不过由于 shape 文件的极难维护性,在我们的项目中统一采用的是自定义 View 来实现这些圆角等效果。

    详细参考作者 blog:Android 项目中 shape 标签的整理和思考

    圆角 shape 等效果不是我们在这里主要讨论的东西,我们来看这个代码,思路也是很清晰简洁:首先利用 LayoutInflater 返回一个 View,然后对这个 View 经过一系列判断逻辑确认里面的显示文案和描边颜色等处理。然后通过 ViewbuildDrawingCache() 的方法生成一个 Bitmap 供 SpannableString 使用,然后再把 spannableString 设置给 textView 即可。

    一些注意点

    其中有个细节需要注意的是,利用 LayoutInflater 生成的 View 并没有经过 measure()layout() 方法的洗礼,所以一定没对它的 widthheight 等属性赋值。

    所以我们在 buildDrawingCache() 前做了至关重要的两步操作:

    view.measure(View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED), View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED))
    view.layout(0, 0, view.measuredWidth, view.measuredHeight)
    

    buildDrawingCache() 源码中我们可以看到,这个方法并不是一定会返回到正确的 Bitmap,在我们的 ViewCacheSize 大小超过了某写设备的默认值的时候,可能会返回 null。

    系统给我了我们的默认最大的 DrawingCacheSize 为屏幕宽高乘积的 4 倍。

    由于我们这里的 View 是极小的,所以暂时没有出现返回 null 的情况。

    尽管上面的代码经过测试,基本上能在大部分机型上满足需求。但本着被标记 @Deprecated 的过时方法,我们坚决不用的思想,我们需要对生成 Bitmap 的方法进行小范围改造。

    在最新的 SDK 中,我们发现 ViewbuildDrawingCache() 等一系列方法都已经被标记了 @Deprecated

    /**
     * <p>Calling this method is equivalent to calling <code>buildDrawingCache(false)</code>.</p>
     *
     * @see #buildDrawingCache(boolean)
     *
     * @deprecated The view drawing cache was largely made obsolete with the introduction of
     * hardware-accelerated rendering in API 11. With hardware-acceleration, intermediate cache
     * layers are largely unnecessary and can easily result in a net loss in performance due to the
     * cost of creating and updating the layer. In the rare cases where caching layers are useful,
     * such as for alpha animations, {@link #setLayerType(int, Paint)} handles this with hardware
     * rendering. For software-rendered snapshots of a small part of the View hierarchy or
     * individual Views it is recommended to create a {@link Canvas} from either a {@link Bitmap} or
     * {@link android.graphics.Picture} and call {@link #draw(Canvas)} on the View. However these
     * software-rendered usages are discouraged and have compatibility issues with hardware-only
     * rendering features such as {@link android.graphics.Bitmap.Config#HARDWARE Config.HARDWARE}
     * bitmaps, real-time shadows, and outline clipping. For screenshots of the UI for feedback
     * reports or unit testing the {@link PixelCopy} API is recommended.
     */
    @Deprecated	
    public void buildDrawingCache() {
        buildDrawingCache(false);
    }		
    

    从官方注释中我们发现,使用视图渲染已经过时,硬件加速后中间缓存很多程度上都是不必要的,而且很容易导致性能的净损失。

    所以我们采用 Canvas 进行简单改造一下:

    private fun convertViewToBitmap(view: View): Bitmap? {
        view.measure(View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED), View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED))
        view.layout(0, 0, view.measuredWidth, view.measuredHeight)
        val bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.measuredWidth, view.measuredHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444)
        val canvas = Canvas(bitmap)
        canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE)
        view.draw(canvas)
        return bitmap
    }
    

    突如其来的崩溃

    perfect,但很不幸,在上 4.x 某手机上测试的时候,发生了一个空指针崩溃。

    一看日志,发现我们在执行 view.measure(View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED), View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED)) 这句代码的时候抛出了系统层源码的 bug。

    进入源码发现在 RelativeLayoutonMeasure() 中有这样一段代码。

    if (isWrapContentWidth) {
        // Width already has left padding in it since it was calculated by looking at
        // the right of each child view
        width += mPaddingRight;
    
        if (mLayoutParams != null && mLayoutParams.width >= 0) {
            width = Math.max(width, mLayoutParams.width);
        }
    
        width = Math.max(width, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
        width = resolveSize(width, widthMeasureSpec);
        // ...
        }
    }
    

    看起来没有任何问题,但对比 4.3 的源码,发现了一点端倪。

    if (mLayoutParams.width >= 0) {
          width = Math.max(width, mLayoutParams.width);
    }
    

    原来空指针报的是这个 layoutParams
    再看看我们 inflate() 的代码。

    val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.layout_codoon_tag_textview, null)
    

    对任何一位 Android 开发来讲,都是最熟悉的代码了,意思很简单,从 xml 中实例化 View 视图,但是父视图为 null,所以从 xml 文件实例化的 View 视图没办法 attachView 层次树中,所以导致了 layoutParams 这个参数为 null。
    既然找到了原因,那么解决方案也就非常简单了。
    只需要在 inflate() 后,再设置一下 params 就可以了。

    view.layoutParams = ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)
    

    至此,基本已经实现,主要逻辑代码为:

    /**
     * 电商专用的 TagTextView
     * 后面可以拓展直接设置颜色和样式的其他风格
     *
     * Author: nanchen
     * Email: liusl@codoon.com
     * Date: 2019/5/7 10:43
     */
    class CodoonTagTextView @JvmOverloads constructor(
            context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null, defStyleAttr: Int = 0
    ) : AppCompatTextView(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) {
    
        private var tagTvSize: Float = 0f
    
        init {
            val array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CodoonTagTextView)
            val style = array.getInt(R.styleable.CodoonTagTextView_codoon_tag_style, 0)
            val content = array.getString(R.styleable.CodoonTagTextView_codoon_tag_content)
            tagTvSize = array.getDimension(R.styleable.CodoonTagTextView_codoon_tag_tv_size, 0f)
            content?.apply {
                setTagText(style, this)
            }
            array.recycle()
        }
    
        private fun convertViewToBitmap(view: View): Bitmap? {
    //        view.isDrawingCacheEnabled = true
            view.measure(View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED), View.MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(0, View.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED))
            view.layout(0, 0, view.measuredWidth, view.measuredHeight)
    //        view.buildDrawingCache()
    //        val bitmap = view.drawingCache
    //        view.isDrawingCacheEnabled = false
    //        view.destroyDrawingCache()
            val bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(view.measuredWidth, view.measuredHeight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_4444)
            val canvas = Canvas(bitmap)
            canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE)
            view.draw(canvas)
            return bitmap
        }
    
        fun setTagText(style: Int, content: String) {
            val view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.layout_codoon_tag_textview, null)
            view.layoutParams = ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT)
            val tagView = view.findViewById<CommonShapeButton>(R.id.tvName)
            val tag = when (style) {
                STYLE_NONE -> {
                    ""
                }
                STYLE_CODOON -> {
                    tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_codoon.toColorRes())
                    tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_codoon.toColorRes())
                    "自营"
                }
                STYLE_JD -> {
                    tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_jd.toColorRes())
                    tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_jd.toColorRes())
                    "京东"
                }
                STYLE_TM -> {
                    tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_tm.toColorRes())
                    tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_tm.toColorRes())
                    "天猫"
                }
                STYLE_PDD -> {
                    tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_pdd.toColorRes())
                    tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_pdd.toColorRes())
                    "拼多多"
                }
                STYLE_TB -> {
                    tagView.setStrokeColor(R.color.tag_color_tb.toColorRes())
                    tagView.setTextColor(R.color.tag_color_tb.toColorRes())
                    "淘宝"
                }
                else -> {
                    ""
                }
            }
            if (tag.isNotEmpty()) {
                tagView.text = tag
                if (tagTvSize != 0f) {
                    tagView.textSize = tagTvSize.toDpF()
                }
    //            if (tagHeight != 0f) {
    //                val params = tagView.layoutParams
    //                params.height = tagHeight.toInt()
    //                tagView.layoutParams = params
    //            }
            }
            val spannableString = SpannableString("$tag$content")
            val bitmap = convertViewToBitmap(view)
            bitmap?.apply {
                val drawable = BitmapDrawable(resources, bitmap)
                drawable.setBounds(0, 0, tagView.width, tagView.height)
                spannableString.setSpan(CenterImageSpan(drawable), 0, tag.length, Spannable.SPAN_INCLUSIVE_INCLUSIVE)
            }
            text = spannableString
            gravity = Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL
        }
    
        companion object {
            const val STYLE_NONE = 0    // 不加
            const val STYLE_JD = 1      // 京东
            const val STYLE_TB = 2      // 淘宝
            const val STYLE_CODOON = 3  // 自营
            const val STYLE_PDD = 4     // 拼多多
            const val STYLE_TM = 5      // 天猫
        }
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liushilin/p/10902454.html
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