RecyclerView这个控件也出来很久了,相信大家也学习的差不多了,如果还没学习的,或许我可以带领大家体验一把这个艺术般的控件。
项目已经同步至github:https://github.com/nanchen2251/recyclerViewDemo
据官方介绍,该控件是属于之间用的非常多的ListView和GridView的替代品,既然能替代用的如此普遍的它们,这自然有其该有的优势。
1)相对于ListView而言RecyclerView的优势体现在:
①封装了之前ListView的优化,封装了之前ViewHolder的复用,这样在自定义适配器的时候我们面向的不再是View,而是一个ViewHolder.
②提供了插板式的体验,高度解耦,异常灵活,针对每一项的显示抽取出了相应的类来控制每一个item的显示。若想实现网格视图或者瀑布流或者横向的ListView都可以通过制定不一样的LayoutManager来实现高大上的效果,这样就可以针对自己的业务逻辑随意发挥了。
③现在的RecyclerView对增删也有了动画的加入,并且你还可以自定义这些动画。
④对于Adaper适配器,现在刷新也增加了相应的方法,虽然之前的notifyDataSetChanged()同样可以实现这样的效果,但是每次刷新整个界面在数据多的时候必然会大大影响用户体验。所以Adapter增加了更新数据的方法notifyItemInserted和notifyItemRemoved,这样就可以在增删数据的时候只刷新被操作的Item,而且还加入了高大上的动画效果呢。
2)基本用法:
相信描述了这么多,你一定对这个神奇的控件迫不及待想尝试一波了。要用到这个RecyclerView很简单,首先在Gradle中添加支持包:
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:24.0.0'
下面就先来一个简单的用法,首先来Activity
package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.support.v7.widget.DefaultItemAnimator; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Toast; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Locale; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MyAdapter.OnRecyclerItemClickListener { private MyAdapter adapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.main_recycler); List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { // list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA, "第%03d条数据%s", i, i % 2 == 0 ? "" : "-----------------------")); list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA, "第%03d条数据", i)); } adapter = new MyAdapter(this, list); adapter.setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(this); recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter); DefaultItemAnimator animator = new DefaultItemAnimator(); animator.setRemoveDuration(1000); recyclerView.setItemAnimator(animator); //recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new MyDividerItemDecoration(this,MyDividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST)); //最后一个参数是反转布局一定是false,为true的时候为逆向显示,在聊天记录中可能会有使用 //这个东西在显示后才会加载,不会像ScollView一样一次性加载导致内存溢出 LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false); recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager); // GridLayoutManager gridLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 3); // gridLayoutManager.setSpanSizeLookup(new GridLayoutManager.SpanSizeLookup() { // @Override // public int getSpanSize(int position) { // if (position == 0){ // return 3; // } // return 1; // } // }); // recyclerView.setLayoutManager(gridLayoutManager); // StaggeredGridLayoutManager staggeredGridLayoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3, StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL); // recyclerView.setLayoutManager(staggeredGridLayoutManager); } @Override public void OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent, View view, int position, String data) { Toast.makeText(this, data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); adapter.remove(position); } }
在上面的Activity代码中,可见,我们需要自己指定LayoutManager,代码中用的是LinearLayoutMagener,你可以试试其他的。
再看看Adapter,有一个对大多数人来说很悲催的是,我们的ListView中一定会有的点击事件,而RecyclerView并没有提供这样的方法,这些点击事件都是需要我们自己学的,我这里Adapter就简单的实现了下,点击就会删除该Item。
package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo; import android.content.Context; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.List; /** * 自定义RecyclerView的Adapter * Created by 南尘 on 16-7-15. */ public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> implements View.OnClickListener { private Context context; private List<String> list; private OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener; private RecyclerView recyclerView; public void setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener) { this.listener = listener; } public MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) { this.context = context; this.list = list; } //在为RecyclerView提供数据的时候调用 @Override public void onAttachedToRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) { super.onAttachedToRecyclerView(recyclerView); this.recyclerView = recyclerView; } @Override public void onDetachedFromRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) { super.onDetachedFromRecyclerView(recyclerView); this.recyclerView = null; } @Override public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item,parent,false); view.setOnClickListener(this); return new ViewHolder(view); } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) { holder.text.setText(list.get(position)); } @Override public int getItemCount() { return list.size(); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { if (recyclerView != null && listener != null){ int position = recyclerView.getChildAdapterPosition(v); listener.OnRecyclerItemClick(recyclerView,v,position,list.get(position)); } } /** * 删除指定数据 * @param position 数据位置 */ public void remove(int position){ list.remove(position); // notifyDataSetChanged(); notifyItemRemoved(position);//这样就只会删除这一条数据,而不会一直刷 } /** * 插入数据 * @param position 插入位置 * @param data 插入的数据 */ public void insert(int position,String data){ list.add(position,data); notifyItemInserted(position); } public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{ private final TextView text; public ViewHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); text = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_text); } } /** * 自定义RecyclerView的点击事件 */ interface OnRecyclerItemClickListener{ void OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent,View view,int position,String data); } }
继承这个Adapter需要指定一个ViewHolder的泛型,当然这个ViewHolder通常是由我们作为一个静态类自己写的。其他这个就像我们之前ListView中的BaseAdapter一样。
自己还可以实现其他的点击事件。
下面看下Xml,第一个是主布局,第二个是每一个项的布局,我这里就简单只实现一个TextView了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo.MainActivity"> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:id="@+id/main_recycler"/> </RelativeLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/item_text" android:textSize="30sp" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </LinearLayout>
这样运行出来你估计就会看到没有分割线,那么分割线怎么弄呢,看下文档,需要我们自己去写,这个网上有很多。
上一个我看到过很多次的。
package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Rect; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.View; /** * Created by 南尘 on 16-7-15. */ public class MyDividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr. listDivider }; public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL; public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL; private Drawable mDivider; private int mOrientation; public MyDividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation) { final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS ); mDivider = a.getDrawable(0); a.recycle(); setOrientation(orientation); } public void setOrientation( int orientation) { if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "invalid orientation"); } mOrientation = orientation; } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) { drawVertical(c, parent); } else { drawHorizontal(c, parent); } } public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) { final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft(); final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight(); final int childCount = parent.getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child .getLayoutParams(); final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin; final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom); mDivider.draw(c); } } public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) { final int top = parent.getPaddingTop(); final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom(); final int childCount = parent.getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) { final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child .getLayoutParams(); final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin; final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom); mDivider.draw(c); } } @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state); if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) { outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight()); }else{ outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0); } } }
这样使用的是系统的分割线。
这样在Style中可以自己更改。
<resources> <!-- Base application theme. --> <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar"> <!-- Customize your theme here. --> <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item> <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item> <item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item> <item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/divider_bg</item> </style> </resources>
自定义一个Drawble
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:shape="rectangle" > <gradient android:centerColor="#ff00ff00" android:endColor="#ff0000ff" android:startColor="#ffff0000" android:type="linear" /> <size android:height="4dp"/> </shape>
别忘了去把之前我给的MainActivity.java中把分割线那句代码解去注释。
//增加分割线 recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new MyDividerItemDecoration(this,MyDividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));
最后上一波简单的运行图吧。
好了,我也说的不是很多,大家可以通过更多搜索出你想要的!