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  • 安卓v7支持包下的ListView替代品————RecyclerView

    RecyclerView这个控件也出来很久了,相信大家也学习的差不多了,如果还没学习的,或许我可以带领大家体验一把这个艺术般的控件。

    项目已经同步至github:https://github.com/nanchen2251/recyclerViewDemo

    据官方介绍,该控件是属于之间用的非常多的ListView和GridView的替代品,既然能替代用的如此普遍的它们,这自然有其该有的优势。

    1)相对于ListView而言RecyclerView的优势体现在:

    ①封装了之前ListView的优化,封装了之前ViewHolder的复用,这样在自定义适配器的时候我们面向的不再是View,而是一个ViewHolder.

    ②提供了插板式的体验,高度解耦,异常灵活,针对每一项的显示抽取出了相应的类来控制每一个item的显示。若想实现网格视图或者瀑布流或者横向的ListView都可以通过制定不一样的LayoutManager来实现高大上的效果,这样就可以针对自己的业务逻辑随意发挥了。

    ③现在的RecyclerView对增删也有了动画的加入,并且你还可以自定义这些动画。

    ④对于Adaper适配器,现在刷新也增加了相应的方法,虽然之前的notifyDataSetChanged()同样可以实现这样的效果,但是每次刷新整个界面在数据多的时候必然会大大影响用户体验。所以Adapter增加了更新数据的方法notifyItemInserted和notifyItemRemoved,这样就可以在增删数据的时候只刷新被操作的Item,而且还加入了高大上的动画效果呢。

    2)基本用法:

    相信描述了这么多,你一定对这个神奇的控件迫不及待想尝试一波了。要用到这个RecyclerView很简单,首先在Gradle中添加支持包:

    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:24.0.0'

    下面就先来一个简单的用法,首先来Activity

    package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo;
    
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import android.support.v7.widget.DefaultItemAnimator;
    import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
    import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Locale;
    
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MyAdapter.OnRecyclerItemClickListener {
    
        private MyAdapter adapter;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    
            RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.main_recycler);
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
    //            list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA, "第%03d条数据%s", i, i % 2 == 0 ? "" : "-----------------------"));
                list.add(String.format(Locale.CHINA, "第%03d条数据", i));
            }
            adapter = new MyAdapter(this, list);
            adapter.setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(this);
            recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    
            DefaultItemAnimator animator = new DefaultItemAnimator();
            animator.setRemoveDuration(1000);
            recyclerView.setItemAnimator(animator);
            //recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new MyDividerItemDecoration(this,MyDividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));
    
            //最后一个参数是反转布局一定是false,为true的时候为逆向显示,在聊天记录中可能会有使用
            //这个东西在显示后才会加载,不会像ScollView一样一次性加载导致内存溢出
            LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false);
            recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
    
            //        GridLayoutManager gridLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 3);
            //        gridLayoutManager.setSpanSizeLookup(new GridLayoutManager.SpanSizeLookup() {
            //            @Override
            //            public int getSpanSize(int position) {
            //                if (position == 0){
            //                    return 3;
            //                }
            //                return 1;
            //            }
            //        });
            //        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(gridLayoutManager);
    
    //        StaggeredGridLayoutManager staggeredGridLayoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3, StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
    //        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(staggeredGridLayoutManager);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent, View view, int position, String data) {
            Toast.makeText(this, data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            adapter.remove(position);
        }
    }
    

      在上面的Activity代码中,可见,我们需要自己指定LayoutManager,代码中用的是LinearLayoutMagener,你可以试试其他的。

    再看看Adapter,有一个对大多数人来说很悲催的是,我们的ListView中一定会有的点击事件,而RecyclerView并没有提供这样的方法,这些点击事件都是需要我们自己学的,我这里Adapter就简单的实现了下,点击就会删除该Item。

    package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo;
    
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
    import android.view.LayoutInflater;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.ViewGroup;
    import android.widget.TextView;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    /**
     * 自定义RecyclerView的Adapter
     * Created by 南尘 on 16-7-15.
     */
    public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> implements View.OnClickListener {
    
        private Context context;
        private List<String> list;
        private OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener;
        private RecyclerView recyclerView;
    
        public void setOnRecyclerItemClickListener(OnRecyclerItemClickListener listener) {
            this.listener = listener;
        }
    
        public MyAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) {
            this.context = context;
            this.list = list;
        }
    
        //在为RecyclerView提供数据的时候调用
        @Override
        public void onAttachedToRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) {
            super.onAttachedToRecyclerView(recyclerView);
            this.recyclerView = recyclerView;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDetachedFromRecyclerView(RecyclerView recyclerView) {
            super.onDetachedFromRecyclerView(recyclerView);
            this.recyclerView = null;
        }
    
        @Override
        public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item,parent,false);
            view.setOnClickListener(this);
            return new ViewHolder(view);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
            holder.text.setText(list.get(position));
        }
    
        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return list.size();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            if (recyclerView != null && listener != null){
                int position = recyclerView.getChildAdapterPosition(v);
                listener.OnRecyclerItemClick(recyclerView,v,position,list.get(position));
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 删除指定数据
         * @param position 数据位置
         */
        public void remove(int position){
            list.remove(position);
    //        notifyDataSetChanged();
            notifyItemRemoved(position);//这样就只会删除这一条数据,而不会一直刷
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 插入数据
         * @param position 插入位置
         * @param data 插入的数据
         */
        public void insert(int position,String data){
            list.add(position,data);
            notifyItemInserted(position);
    
        }
    
        public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
    
            private final TextView text;
    
            public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
                super(itemView);
                text = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_text);
            }
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 自定义RecyclerView的点击事件
         */
        interface OnRecyclerItemClickListener{
            void OnRecyclerItemClick(RecyclerView parent,View view,int position,String data);
        }
    
    }
    

      继承这个Adapter需要指定一个ViewHolder的泛型,当然这个ViewHolder通常是由我们作为一个静态类自己写的。其他这个就像我们之前ListView中的BaseAdapter一样。

    自己还可以实现其他的点击事件。

    下面看下Xml,第一个是主布局,第二个是每一个项的布局,我这里就简单只实现一个TextView了。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <RelativeLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context="com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo.MainActivity">
    
        <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:id="@+id/main_recycler"/>
    
    </RelativeLayout>
    

      

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                  android:layout_width="match_parent"
                  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                  android:orientation="vertical">
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/item_text"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    </LinearLayout>
    

      这样运行出来你估计就会看到没有分割线,那么分割线怎么弄呢,看下文档,需要我们自己去写,这个网上有很多。

    上一个我看到过很多次的。

    package com.example.nanchen.recyclerviewdemo;
    
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.res.TypedArray;
    import android.graphics.Canvas;
    import android.graphics.Rect;
    import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
    import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
    import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
    import android.view.View;
    
    /**
     * Created by 南尘 on 16-7-15.
     */
    public class MyDividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
        private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{
                android.R.attr. listDivider
        };
    
        public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL;
    
        public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;
    
        private Drawable mDivider;
    
        private int mOrientation;
    
        public MyDividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation) {
            final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS );
            mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
            a.recycle();
            setOrientation(orientation);
        }
    
        public void setOrientation( int orientation) {
            if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException( "invalid orientation");
            }
            mOrientation = orientation;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
            if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
                drawVertical(c, parent);
            } else {
                drawHorizontal(c, parent);
            }
        }
    
    
        public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
            final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
            final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();
    
            final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
                final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                        .getLayoutParams();
                final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
                final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
                mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
                mDivider.draw(c);
            }
        }
    
        public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
            final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
            final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();
    
            final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
                final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                        .getLayoutParams();
                final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
                final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
                mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
                mDivider.draw(c);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
            if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
                outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
            }else{
                outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
            }
        }
    }
    

      这样使用的是系统的分割线。

    这样在Style中可以自己更改。

    <resources>
    
        <!-- Base application theme. -->
        <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
            <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
            <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
            <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
            <item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
            
            <item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/divider_bg</item>
        </style>
    
    
    </resources>
    

      自定义一个Drawble

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
           android:shape="rectangle" >
    
        <gradient
            android:centerColor="#ff00ff00"
            android:endColor="#ff0000ff"
            android:startColor="#ffff0000"
            android:type="linear" />
        <size android:height="4dp"/>
    
    </shape>
    

      别忘了去把之前我给的MainActivity.java中把分割线那句代码解去注释。

            //增加分割线
            recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new MyDividerItemDecoration(this,MyDividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));
    

    最后上一波简单的运行图吧。

     好了,我也说的不是很多,大家可以通过更多搜索出你想要的!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liushilin/p/5673833.html
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