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  • SpringCloud (Finchley版本)教程(三):服务消费者(Feign)

    上一篇文章,讲述了如何通过RestTemplate+Ribbon去消费服务,这篇文章主要讲述如何通过Feign去消费服务。

    一、Feign简介
    Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Feign默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。

    简而言之:

    Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解
    Feign 整合了ribbon,具有负载均衡的能力
    整合了Hystrix,具有熔断的能力
    二、准备工作
    继续用上一节的工程, 启动eureka-server,端口为8761; 启动service-hi 两次,端口分别为8762 、8773.

    三、创建一个feign的服务
    新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为serice-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.liu</groupId>
            <artifactId>SpringCloudLearn01</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.liu.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>serice-feign</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>serice-feign</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

    在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为service-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代码如下:

    server:
      port: 8765
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-feign
    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

    在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能:

    package com.liu.example.sericefeign;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaClient    //不能缺少的
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @EnableFeignClients
    public class SericeFeignApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(SericeFeignApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

    定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,代码如下:

    package com.liu.example.sericefeign.service;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    
    @FeignClient(value = "service-client")
    public interface SchedualServiceHi {
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
    }

    在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个"/hi"的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下:

    package com.liu.example.sericefeign.controller;
    
    import com.liu.example.sericefeign.service.SchedualServiceHi;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    @RestController
    public class HelloController {
    
        @Autowired
        public SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
            return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
        }
    
    }

    启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8765/hi?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示:

    hello! 我的端口号是:8762

    hello! 我的端口号是:8763

    源码下载:https://github.com/MrLiu1227/MySpringCloud.git

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuyuan1227/p/11220266.html
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