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  • Javascript设计模式-ES6写法

    前言

    最近在回顾设计模式方式的知识,重新翻阅了《JavaScript模式》(个人感觉也算是一本小有名气的书了哈)一书,读时总有感触:在即将到来的ES6的大潮下,书中的许多模式的代码可用ES6的语法更为优雅简洁的实现,而另一些模式,则已经被ES6原生支持,如模块模式(99页)。所以自己动手用ES6重新实现了一遍里面的设计模式,算是对其的巩固,也算是与大家一起来研究探讨ES6语法的一些最佳实践。

    目录

    (以下所有例子的原型均为《JavaScript模式》一书里“设计模式”章节中的示例)

    代码repo地址,欢迎star,欢迎follow。

    实现

    单例模式

    主要改变为使用了class的写法,使对象原型的写法更为清晰,更整洁:

    'use strict';
    let __instance = (function () {
      let instance;
      return (newInstance) => {
        if (newInstance) instance = newInstance;
        return instance;
      }
    }());
    
    class Universe {
      constructor() {
        if (__instance()) return __instance();
        //按自己需求实例化
        this.foo = 'bar';
        __instance(this);
      }
    }
    
    let u1 = new Universe();
    let u2 = new Universe();
    
    console.log(u1.foo); //'bar'
    console.log(u1 === u2); //true

    迭代器模式

    ES6原生提供的Iterator接口就是为这而生的啊,使用胖箭头函数写匿名函数(还顺带绑定了上下文,舒舒服服):

    'use strict';
    let agg = {
      data: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
      [Symbol.iterator](){
        let index = 0;
        return {
          next: () => {
            if (index < this.data.length) return {value: this.data[index++], done: false};
            return {value: undefined, done: true};
          },
          hasNext: () => index < this.data.length,
          rewind: () => index = 0,
          current: () => {
            index -= 1;
            if (index < this.data.length) return {value: this.data[index++], done: false};
            return {value: undefined, done: true};
          }
        }
      }
    };
    
    let iter = agg[Symbol.iterator]();
    console.log(iter.next()); // { value: 1, done: false }
    console.log(iter.next()); // { value: 2, done: false }
    console.log(iter.current());// { value: 2, done: false }
    console.log(iter.hasNext());// true
    console.log(iter.rewind()); // rewind!
    console.log(iter.next()); // { value: 1, done: false }
    
    // for...of
    for (let ele of agg) {
      console.log(ele);
    }

    工厂模式

    个人感觉变化比较不大的一个:

    'use strict';
    class CarMaker {
      constructor() {
        this.doors = 0;
      }
    
      drive() {
        console.log(`jaja, i have ${this.doors} doors`);
      }
    
      static factory(type) {
        return new CarMaker[type]();
      }
    }
    
    CarMaker.Compact = class Compact extends CarMaker {
      constructor() {
        super();
        this.doors = 4;
      }
    };
    
    CarMaker.factory('Compact').drive(); // 'jaja, i have 4 doors'

    装饰者模式

    for...of循环,新时代的for (var i = 0 ; i < arr.length ; i++)? :

    'use strict';
    class Sale {
      constructor(price) {
        [this.decoratorsList, this.price] = [[], price];
      }
    
      decorate(decorator) {
        if (!Sale[decorator]) throw new Error(`decorator not exist: ${decorator}`);
        this.decoratorsList.push(Sale[decorator]);
      }
    
      getPrice() {
        for (let decorator of this.decoratorsList) {
          this.price = decorator(this.price);
        }
        return this.price.toFixed(2);
      }
    
      static quebec(price) {
        return price + price * 7.5 / 100;
      }
    
      static fedtax(price) {
        return price + price * 5 / 100;
      }
    }
    
    let sale = new Sale(100);
    sale.decorate('fedtax');
    sale.decorate('quebec');
    console.log(sale.getPrice()); //112.88

    策略模式

    对于传统的键值对,使用Map来代替对象(数组)来组织,感觉带来得是更好的语义和更方便的遍历:

    'use strict';
    let data = new Map([['first_name', 'Super'], ['last_name', 'Man'], ['age', 'unknown'], ['username', 'o_O']]);
    let config = new Map([['first_name', 'isNonEmpty'], ['age', 'isNumber'], ['username', 'isAlphaNum']]);
    
    class Checker {
      constructor(check, instructions) {
        [this.check, this.instructions] = [check, instructions];
      }
    }
    
    class Validator {
      constructor(config) {
        [this.config, this.messages] = [config, []];
      }
    
      validate(data) {
        for (let [k, v] of data.entries()) {
          let type = this.config.get(k);
          let checker = Validator[type];
          if (!type) continue;
          if (!checker) throw new Error(`No handler to validate type ${type}`);
          let result = checker.check(v);
          if (!result) this.messages.push(checker.instructions + ` **${v}**`);
        }
      }
    
      hasError() {
        return this.messages.length !== 0;
      }
    }
    
    Validator.isNumber = new Checker((val) => !isNaN(val), 'the value can only be a valid number');
    Validator.isNonEmpty = new Checker((val) => val !== "", 'the value can not be empty');
    Validator.isAlphaNum = new Checker((val) => !/^a-z0-9/i.test(val), 'the value can not have special symbols');
    
    let validator = new Validator(config);
    validator.validate(data);
    console.log(validator.messages.join('
    ')); //the value can only be a valid number **unknown**

    外观模式

    这个简直没啥好变的。。。:

    'use strict';
    let nextTick = (global.setImmediate == undefined) ? process.nextTick : global.setImmediate;

    代理模式

    利用extends关键字来获得父类中的方法引用以及和父类相同的类接口:

    'use strict';
    class Real {
      doSomething() {
        console.log('do something...');
      }
    }
    
    class Proxy extends Real {
      constructor() {
        super();
      }
    
      doSomething() {
        setTimeout(super.doSomething, 1000 * 3);
      }
    }
    
    new Proxy().doSomething(); //after 3s ,do something...

    订阅/发布模式

    被Node原生的Events模块所支持,同样结合默认参数,for…of遍历等特性,代码的减少以及可读性的增加都是可观的:

    'use strict';
    class Event {
      constructor() {
        this.subscribers = new Map([['any', []]]);
      }
    
      on(fn, type = 'any') {
        let subs = this.subscribers;
        if (!subs.get(type)) return subs.set(type, [fn]);
        subs.set(type, (subs.get(type).push(fn)));
      }
    
      emit(content, type = 'any') {
        for (let fn of this.subscribers.get(type)) {
          fn(content);
        }
      }
    }
    
    let event = new Event();
    
    event.on((content) => console.log(`get published content: ${content}`), 'myEvent');
    event.emit('jaja', 'myEvent'); //get published content: jaja
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuzhaoting/p/8554183.html
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