Cobbler自动化部署系统

1、cobbler简介

​ cobbler是一个LInux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动（PXE）的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等

​ cobbler可以使用命令行的方式来管理，也提供了基于web的界面管理工具（cobble-web），还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发的使用。

​ Cobbler是早些年前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置的，还自带web方便管理

​ Cobbler内置一个轻量级管理系统，但他也支持其他配置管理系统集成，如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack

cobbler 集成的服务

• PXE服务支持
• DHCP服务管理
• DNS服务管理
• 电源管理
• Kickstart服务支持
• YUM仓库管理
• TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
• Apache（提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart）

cobbler配置文件详解

cobbler的所在目录:/etc/cobbler

配置文件	作用
/etc/cobbler/sttings	cobbler主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso	iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe	pxe配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf	web授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	web的访问的用户名和密码
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template	dhcp服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template	dns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template	tftp服务的配置文件
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块配置文件

cobbler的数据目录

目录	作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/	用于存放用户定义的cobber命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/	默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/	存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	导入发行版本系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	yum 仓库储存目录
/var/www/cobbler/images/	导入发行版本的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径	说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing	客户端日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log	cobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check //核对配置有没有问题

cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息

cobbler sync //同步数据目录

2、配置cobbler服务

1、关闭防火墙和selinux

# 关闭防火墙、selinux等
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@cobbler ~]# setenforce 0
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

2、下载cobbler和相关依赖

# 配置epel源
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install epel-release

# 安装cobbler及dhcp httpd xinetd cobbler-web
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd
# 启动cobbler及httpd并加入开机启动
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable httpd cobblerd

3、设置可以动态的配置文件

[root@cobbler ~]# sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/callow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@cobbler ~]# grep allow_dynamic_settings /etc/cobbler/settings 
allow_dynamic_settings: 1
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

4、查看cobbler的相关配置

#192.168.2.128为本机ip
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=server --value=192.168.2.128
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=next_server --value=192.168.2.128
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -ri '/disable/cdisable = no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable xinetd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
#下载某些cobbler插件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
#设置你的开机密码
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` 'admin'
$1$675f1d08$oJoAMVxdbdKHjQXbGqNTX0
[root@cobbler ~]# vim vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
......
default_password_crypted: $1$675f1d08$oJoAMVxdbdKHjQXbGqNTX0
......
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install fence-agents
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
#检查是否有错误
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:
    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1
# 修改cobbler的dhcp模块，不要直接修改dhcp本身的配置文件，因为cobbler会覆盖
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
...
subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { #这里改为分配的网段和掩码
     #option routers             192.168.1.5; #如果有网关，这里改为网关地址
     #option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; #如果有DNS，这里改为DNS地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0; #改为分配的IP的掩码
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.2.100 192.168.2.254; #改为分配的IP的范围
...

5、cobbler的同步设置

[root@cobbler ~]#  cobbler sync
task started: 2020-06-01_093828_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Jun  1 09:38:28 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/radhat7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/radhat7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
copying: /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: radhat7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/radhat7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/radhat7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/radhat7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/radhat7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: radhat7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/radhat7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/radhat7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/radhat7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/radhat7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for radhat7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: radhat7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

5、cobbler配置安装radhad7x

1、创建挂载点，并且挂载

[root@test2 ~]#  mount /dev/cdrom /radhat-7/

2、导入挂载镜像

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/centos6 --name=centos6.9 --arch=x86_64
# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：centos6.9，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败。

3、查看导入镜像

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler distro report --name=radhat7-x86_64
Name                           : radhat7-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/radhat7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/radhat7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/radhat7-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel7
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

[root@cobbler ~]# 

4、查看profile信息

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report --name=radhat7-x86_64
Name                           : radhat7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : radhat7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/radhat7.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
[root@cobbler ~]# 

5、copy一份profile文件(ks)，进行修改

[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# ls
default.ks    install_profiles  sample_autoyast.xml  sample_esxi4.ks  sample.ks
esxi4-ks.cfg  legacy.ks         sample_end.ks        sample_esxi5.ks  sample_old.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg  pxerescue.ks      sample_esx4.ks       sample_esxi6.ks  sample.seed
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cp sample_end.ks radhat7.ks
#修改内容如下
# This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7.
# For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file.
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/ShangHai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree

# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#这是磁盘分区
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000


# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# Reboot after installation
reboot


%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
@core
@base
tree
nmap
wget
lftp
lrzsz
telnet
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps

sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/cUseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/cGSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
%end

编辑radhat7镜像所使用的kickstart文件

# 动态编辑指定使用新的kickstart文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=radhat7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/radhat7.ks

# 验证是否更改成功
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name=radhat7-x86_64 |grep Kickstart
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/radhat7.ks
#同步文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync

效果

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3、自定制安装

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