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  • Spring Cloud 消费服务Feign(踩着坑往前爬)

    Feign

    Spring Cloud Feign是一套基于Netflix Feign实现的声明式服务调用客户端。它使得编写Web服务客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要通过创建接口并用注解来配置它既可完成对Web服务接口的绑定。它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解、JAX-RS注解。它也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud Feign还扩展了对Spring MVC注解的支持,同时还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。

    分布式应用早在十几年前就开始出现,各自的应用运行在各自的tomcat,jboss一类的容器中,他们之间的相互调用变成了一种远程调用,而实现远程调用的方式很多。按照协议划分,可以有RPC,Webservice,http。不同的框架也对他们有了各自的实现,如dubbo(x),motan就都是RPC框架,本文所要讲解的Feign便可以理解为一种http框架,用于分布式服务之间通过Http进行接口交互。说他是框架,有点过了,可以理解为一个http工具,只不过在spring cloud全家桶的体系中,它比httpclient,okhttp,retrofit这些http工具都要强大的多。

    Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解

    Feign 整合了ribbon

    继续用上一节的工程, 启动eureka-server,端口为8761; 启动service-hi 两次,端口分别为8762 、8773

    创建一个feign的服务

    新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为serice-feign,在它的pom文件引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web

    如果使用idea自己的导入的spring boot节点有可以能引入不了spring-cloud-starter-feign maven,

    我的解决方法是换一个版本的spring boot的父节点

    具体pom.xml节点如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>cn.zhiwei</groupId>
        <artifactId>serice-feign</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>serice-feign</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!--引入Feign的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-feign、Eureka的起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、
            Web的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-web-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <!--dependencyManagement版本选择Dalston.RC1负责下载不了feign包-->
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-snapshots</id>
                <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>true</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
                <snapshots>
                    <enabled>false</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    
    </project>
    View Code

    在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为service-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代码如下:

    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8765
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-feign
    

      在程序的启动类ServiceFeignApplication ,加上@EnableFeignClients注解开启Feign的功能

    package cn.zhiwei;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    @EnableFeignClients//注解开启Feign的功能:
    public class SericeFeignApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SericeFeignApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }
    

      定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,代码如下:

    package cn.zhiwei.service;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    
    /**
     * 定义一个feign接口,通过@ FeignClient(“服务名”),来指定调用哪个服务。
     * 比如在代码中调用了service-hi服务的“/hi”接口
     * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/6.
     */
    @FeignClient(value = "service-hi")
    @Component
    public interface SchedualServiceHi {
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
    }
    

      在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口,通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务。代码如下

    package cn.zhiwei.controller;
    
    import cn.zhiwei.service.SchedualServiceHi;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    /**
     * 在Web层的controller层,对外暴露一个”/hi”的API接口,
     * 通过上面定义的Feign客户端SchedualServiceHi 来消费服务
     * Created by Administrator on 2018/4/6.
     */
    @RestController
    public class HiController {
        @Autowired
        SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
            return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
        }
    }
    

      启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8765/hi?name=威哥,浏览器交替显示:

    结果与上篇博客的效果一样

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liuzhiw/p/8733118.html
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