程序员的Emacs
这主要是跟编辑有关的Emacs按键。
Table of Contents
1 格式
- Emacs的缩进是靠变量 left-margin 来控制的。
| 键盘操作 | 命令名称 | 动作 |
|---|---|---|
| ESC C-\ | indent-region | 对光标和文本块标记之间的每一行进行缩进 |
| ESC m | back-to-indentation | 把光标移到当前行的第一个非空白字符上 |
| ESC ^ | delete-indentation | 把当前行合并到上一行去 |
| ESC ; | indent-for-comment | 注释 |
| ESC j | indent-new-comment-line | 如果注释的内容用一个文本行容纳不下，就需要在下一行继续写完注释；也可能将写好的注释分为两行。 |
平时很多时候需要注释一行代码，常用的办法是先选中该行，然后再 ESC ; 即可。
2 C 和 C++ 模式
- 进入 C 模式： ESC x c-mode RET
- 进入 C++ 模式： ESC x c++mode RET
2.1 C 模式下的移动命令
| 键盘操作 | 命令名称 | 动作 |
|---|---|---|
| ESC a | c-beginning-of-statement | 移动到当前语句的开头 |
| ESC e | c-end-of-statement | 移动到当前语句的末尾 |
| ESC q | c-fill-paragraph | 如果光标在注释文本中间，则进行段落重排，保留缩进和前导字母 |
| ESC C-a | beginning-of-defun | 移动到光标所在函数的开头 |
| ESC C-e | end-of-defun | 移动到光标所在函数的末尾 |
| ESC C-h | c-mark-function | 把光标放到函数的开头，把文本块标记放到函数的末尾，即把函数整个选取为一个文本块 |
| C-c C-q | c-indent-defun | 按缩进样式对整个函数进行缩进 |
| C-c C-u | c-up-conditional | 移动到当前预处理条件的开始位置 |
| C-c C-p | c-backward-conditional | 移动到上一个预处理条件 |
| C-c C-n | C-forwrad-conditional | 移动到下一个预处理器条件 |
2.2 etags
- etags *.[ch]
- ESC x visit-tags-table RET
- ESC .
- C-x 4 .
- ESC ,
2.3 编程中常用的命令
| 键盘操作 | 动作 |
|---|---|
| C-u C-@ | 跳到上一个光标的位置，就好比vim中的 `` 一样 |
| ESC C-n | 向下跳转与大括号匹配 } 但是一定要注意光标位置一定要在 { 前面 |
| ESC C-p | 向上跳转与大括号匹配的 { 但是一定要注意光标位置一定要在 } 后面 |
| ESC g g | 输入line-number,跳转指定的行 ESC x goto-line |
| C-a-k | 按着C-a再按k, 删除一行 |
| C-k | 删除光标后面的行 kill line |
| C-q Tab | 相当于Tab,直接按Tab会整行缩进 |
| ESC ! | 执行shell命令 |
| ESC x linum-mode | 显示行号, 像vi的 :set nu |
| ESC x show-paren-mode | 显示匹配括号 |
| C-x C-f /user@host:/remotepath | 远程编辑文件 |
3 Emacs for vi users
今天偶然看到一篇文章，这都得赐我朝最近开放几天, 于是我将文章全部复制过来，以免以后看不到了。地址在 http://www.elmindreda.org/emacs.html .
Emacs for vi users
"Why can't I enter command mode?"
Introduction
This is intended as an introductory guide for vi users wishing to learn the
basics of Emacs. I'm writing it because I'm one of them, and I suspect that
I'm not alone in being mystified by the lack of a command mode, text objects
and an underlying ex editor, as well as the plethora of strange and unfamiliar
key combinations. The intent is to give fledgling Emacs users a basic set of
commands, sufficient for basic editing.
This page is a basic Emacs survival guide for the vi user. It is grounded in
familiarity of vi and (quite naturally) assumes a vi-centric view of the
world. Since the structure is that of a list of corresponding commands, I will
not list features that are unique to Emacs. I believe there to be sufficient
overlap between the capabilities of each editor to motivate this approach.
This is not a joke. It is not about religion or the Editor war and I will not
present one editor as better than the other. Neither is it about the Emacs
mindset, since I have yet to acquire it myself. Finally, it is not a proper
Emacs tutorial. If you want to learn Emacs propely, go find a proper tutorial.
There is one built into Emacs, for example.
Finally, it is not complete and I welcome contributions.
Basics
Emacs doesn't have a separate command mode. In a sense, you're always in
insert mode. Therefore, special modifier keys are needed to tell commands
apart from typed characters. The two commonly used modifiers are Control and
Meta. On many systems, the Alt key can be used as Meta. If your system lacks a
functional Meta key, you can type Escape before the specified key.
Since Control and Meta are so frequently used in Emacs, they have created a
special convention for writing such commands, so for example C-a corresponds
to Control+A, and M-f corresponds to Meta+F. The Emacs command column will use
this convention. This is also consistent with the documentation in Emacs.
Many Emacs commands take numerical prefixes, but you need to hold down Meta
while typing them. So, for example, type M-2 M-3 M-g g instead of 23G to go to
line 23.
Commands
Program operations
Action gi Emacs Notes on Emacs
Exit program :q C-x C-c If changes exist, will ask whether
Enter or not to save them.
Unconditionally exit :q! C-x C-c Just say no.
program Enter
Save current buffer and :wq C-x C-s
exit program Enter C-x C-c
Cancel command Ctrl+c C-g
Redraw screen Ctrl+l C-l
Command line : M-x
File operations
Action vi Emacs Notes on Emacs
Open file, or create :e filename C-x C-f
named buffer Enter filename
Save current buffer :w Enter C-x C-s Will not save a new,
unmodified file.
Save current buffer :w filename C-x C-w
under new name Enter filename
Move to next buffer :n Enter C-x b buffer
Move to previous buffer :prev Enter C-x b Enter
Navigation
Action vi Emacs Notes on Emacs
Go to beginning 1G M-<
of buffer
Go to end of G M->
buffer
Go left one h C-b Will wrap to previous line.
character Left
Go right one l C-f Will wrap to next line.
character Right
Go up one line k C-p
Up
Go down one line j C-n
Down
M-x goto-line Enter
Go to line n nG n
M-g g n Enter
M-n M-g g
Go to beginning 0 C-a
of line
Go to end of line $ C-e Places cursor one step beyond
last character.
Go to next word w M-f Stops at first non-word character
before the word.
Go to previous b M-b
word
Go to next page Ctrl+f C-v
PageUp
Go to previous Ctrl+b M-v
page PageDn
C-x r Space x
Set mark x mx M-x
point-to-register
Enter x
C-x r j x
Go to mark x 'x M-x
register-to-point
Enter x
Go to first H
displayed line
Go to last L
displayed line
Move buffer one Ctrl+y C-1 M-v
line up
Move buffer one Ctrl+e C-1 C-v
line down
Text editing
Action vi Emacs Notes on Emacs
Insert text i Always in insert mode.
Append text a C-f Only cursor movement is needed.
Insert at beginning of I C-a Only cursor movement is needed.
line
Append to end of line A C-e Only cursor movement is needed.
Delete character x C-d
forwards Delete
Delete character X Backspace
backwards
Change to end of line C C-k Only deletion is needed.
Delete to end of line D C-k Removes line entirely if empty.
Delete entire line dd C-a C-k For empty lines
C-a C-k C-k For non-empty lines
Delete word forwards dw M-d Does not delete whitespace before next
word.
Delete word backwards db M-Backspace
Open line above O C-o
Open line below o C-e Enter
Join lines J C-n M-^
Undo last edit u C-x u
Yanking and placing
Action vi Emacs Notes on Emacs
C-a C-k For empty lines
Yank line yy C-a C-k C-k For non-empty
lines
Yank n lines nyy C-Space (move to line below last
desired) M-w
Cut n lines down ndd M-n C-k
Paste before P C-y
cursor
Paste after p
cursor
Searching and substitution
Action vi Emacs Notes on
Emacs
Search forwards /pattern Enter C-s pattern Enter
Search backwards ?pattern Enter C-r pattern Enter
Global replace :%s/pattern/with/gc M-% word Enter with Enter
text Enter C-M-% pattern Enter with
Enter
Window operations
Action Vim Emacs Notes on Emacs
Split horizontally Ctrl+w s C-x 2
Split vertically Ctrl+w v C-x 3
Close current window Ctrl+w c C-x 0
Close all but current windows Ctrl+w o C-x 1
Credits
This page was partly inspired by Emacs for Vi Programmers.
Thanks to Kaj, magda, Ian D, LeViMS, C. Warrington, E. Bowler and R. Pereira
for Emacs commands.
© elmindreda