微软平台UI自动化(UIA)经验集

根据我UIA自动化测试的经验, 总结了下面代码集. 在这个代码集中, 包含了:

1. 一个WPF的窗体程序

2. 一个WinForm的窗体, 这个窗体作为Model Dialog被WPF主程序打开

3. 针对这个WPF和WinForm的测试代码例子

4. 针对Win7 Calc.exe的测试代码例子

5. 一个简单的TestEngine

这个代码集的作用是:

1. 演示UIA中基本的概念, 比如AutomationID, AutomatonName, InvokePattern等的调用

2. 演示如何处理UI自动化的timing issue.

3. 演示简单WaitForReady的实现方法

4. 演示Click和Invoke的差别

5. 演示一个简单的UIA Engine

6. 演示如何通过AutomationPeer来给自绘画图案实现Invoke Pattern

7. 演示如何对WinForm实现Server side provider

8. 演示如何对WPF的databinding item设定AutomationID

WPF主窗口代码:

public partial class Window1 : Window
    {
        private StackPanel pane;
        private TextBlock timeBlock;
        private Button buttonOpenNewWindow;
        private ListBox listboxStringBinding;
        private ListBox listboxManual;
        private SelfDrawControl selfControl;
        private DispatcherTimer tmr=new DispatcherTimer();
        private DispatcherTimer deplyedExecution=new DispatcherTimer();
        private Button kickoffFlashWindow;
        private Button startWinformHoster;
        private Button buttonNoAutomationID;
        private Button busyButton;

        private int busyCount = 0;

        public Window1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.Name = "Window1";
            CreateControls();
            
        }

        void CreateControls()
        {
            pane = new StackPanel();
            pane.Name = "StackPane";
            this.Content = pane;

            timeBlock = new TextBlock();
            timeBlock.Name = "TimeBlock";
            pane.Children.Add(timeBlock);

            buttonOpenNewWindow = new Button();
            buttonOpenNewWindow.Name = "ButtonOpenNewWindow";
            buttonOpenNewWindow.Content = "Open New Window";
            pane.Children.Add(buttonOpenNewWindow);

            //直接binding的Listbox子元素没有AutomationID
            listboxStringBinding = new ListBox();
            listboxStringBinding.Name = "ListBox_Item_WithoutAutomationID";
            listboxStringBinding.DataContext = new string[] { "1", "2", "3" };
            Binding bind = new Binding();
            bind.Source = new string[] { "1", "2", "3" };             
            listboxStringBinding.SetBinding(ListBox.ItemsSourceProperty, bind);
            pane.Children.Add(listboxStringBinding);
           

            selfControl = new SelfDrawControl();
            selfControl.Name = "SelfDrawControl";
            pane.Children.Add(selfControl);

            listboxManual = new ListBox();
            listboxManual.Name = "ListBox_Item_ManualBindAutomationID";
            for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
            {
                //手动添加的的Listbox子元素可以通过下面的方法指定AutomationID,或者直接指定Name
                ListBoxItem item=new ListBoxItem();
                item.SetValue(System.Windows.Automation.AutomationProperties.AutomationIdProperty, "ManualItem" + i.ToString());
                item.Content =i;
                listboxManual.Items.Add(item);
            }
            pane.Children.Add(listboxManual);

            kickoffFlashWindow = new Button();
            kickoffFlashWindow.Name = "ButtonOpenFlashWindow";
            kickoffFlashWindow.Content = "Kick off Flash Window";
            pane.Children.Add(kickoffFlashWindow);
            kickoffFlashWindow.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(kickoffFlashWindow_Click);

            startWinformHoster = new Button();
            startWinformHoster.Name = "ButtonOpenWinForm";
            startWinformHoster.Content = "Start Winform Hoster";
            pane.Children.Add(startWinformHoster);
            //startWinformHoster.Click += delegate{(new WinFormControlHoster()).ShowDialog();};
            startWinformHoster.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(startWinformHoster_Click);

            tmr.Interval = new TimeSpan(0,0,0,0,500);
            tmr.Tick += delegate { this.timeBlock.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("U"); };
            tmr.IsEnabled = true;
            buttonOpenNewWindow.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(buttonOpenNewWindow_Click);

            buttonNoAutomationID = new Button();
            buttonNoAutomationID.Content = "Button Wihtout AutomationID";
            pane.Children.Add(buttonNoAutomationID);

            busyButton = new Button();
            busyButton.Name = "BusyButton";
            busyButton.Content = busyCount.ToString();
            pane.Children.Add(busyButton);
            busyButton.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(busyButton_Click);

            deplyedExecution.Interval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 5);
            deplyedExecution.Tick += new EventHandler(deplyedExecution_Tick);
            deplyedExecution.IsEnabled = false;
        }

        void busyButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            busyCount++;
            busyButton.Content = busyCount.ToString();
            for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
            {
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(150);
            }
        }

        void buttonOpenNewWindow_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            BindingWithAutomationID bwid = new BindingWithAutomationID();
            bwid.ShowDialog();
        }

        void kickoffFlashWindow_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        { 
            deplyedExecution.IsEnabled = true;
        }

        void deplyedExecution_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            FlashWindow fw = new FlashWindow(new TimeSpan(0,0,3));           
            fw.Show();
            deplyedExecution.IsEnabled = false;            
        }

        void startWinformHoster_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            System.Windows.Forms.Form fm = new MyForm();
            fm.ShowDialog();
        } 
    }

WPF自绘窗口的代码, 以及对应AutomationPeer的实现:

public partial class SelfDrawControl : UserControl
    {
        public SelfDrawControl()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext dc)
        {
            dc.DrawRectangle(Brushes.Blue, new Pen(Brushes.Blue, 10), new Rect(new Point(0, 0), new Point(RenderSize.Width / 2, RenderSize.Height)));
            dc.DrawRectangle(Brushes.Black, new Pen(Brushes.Black, 10), new Rect(new Point(RenderSize.Width / 2, 0), new Point(RenderSize.Width, RenderSize.Height)));
        
        }

        protected override void OnMouseLeftButtonDown(MouseButtonEventArgs e)
        {
            Point point = e.GetPosition(this);
            if (point.X > 0 && point.X < RenderSize.Width / 2)
            {
                DoClick("blue");
            }
            else
            {
                DoClick("black");
            }
            base.OnMouseLeftButtonDown(e);
        }

        internal void DoClick(string color)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(color);
        }

        protected override System.Windows.Automation.Peers.AutomationPeer OnCreateAutomationPeer()
        {
            var peer = new SelfDrawControlAutomationPeer(this);
            peer.InvalidatePeer();
            return peer;
        }       
    }

    public class SelfDrawControlAutomationPeer :UserControlAutomationPeer
    {
        SelfDrawControl target;
        List<AutomationPeer> children = null;
        public SelfDrawControlAutomationPeer(SelfDrawControl target):base(target)
        {
            this.target = target;
        }

        protected override AutomationControlType GetAutomationControlTypeCore()
        {
            return AutomationControlType.Window;
        }

        protected override string GetClassNameCore()
        {
            return target.GetType().ToString();
        }

        /*
         * 特别注意， 生成ChildrenCore的时候务必维护父子关系
         * UI Testclient 可能在不同child parent之间遍历
         * 务必保证childpeer.Parent = parent.Children[n]
         * 否则会带来各种意外，这是在实现自定义Peer时候的最大陷阱
        */ 

        protected override List<AutomationPeer> GetChildrenCore()
        {
            //return null;

            if (children == null)
            {
                children = new List<AutomationPeer>();
                SelfDrawControlElementAutomationPeer bluepeer = new SelfDrawControlElementAutomationPeer(target, this, "blue");
                SelfDrawControlElementAutomationPeer redpeer = new SelfDrawControlElementAutomationPeer(target, this, "red");
                children.Add(bluepeer);
                children.Add(redpeer);
            }

            return children;
        }

    }

    public class SelfDrawControlElementAutomationPeer : AutomationPeer, IInvokeProvider, IValueProvider
    {
        private string color;
        SelfDrawControl target;
        SelfDrawControlAutomationPeer parentPeer;

        public SelfDrawControlElementAutomationPeer(SelfDrawControl target, SelfDrawControlAutomationPeer parentPeer, string color)             
        {
            this.color = color;
            this.target = target;
            this.parentPeer = parentPeer;

            var o=this.GetParent();
        }

        public void Invoke()
        {
            target.DoClick(color);
        }

        public bool IsReadOnly { get { return true; } }
        public string Value { get { return color; } }
        public void SetValue(string value) { }

        protected override string GetAcceleratorKeyCore()
        {
            return string.Empty;
        }
       
   
        protected override string GetAccessKeyCore()
        {
            return string.Empty;
        }
      
        protected override AutomationControlType GetAutomationControlTypeCore()
        {
            return AutomationControlType.Window;
        }
      
        protected override string GetAutomationIdCore()
        {           
            return target.Name+"-"+color;
        }
    
        protected override Rect GetBoundingRectangleCore()
        {

            Rect parentRect=parentPeer.GetBoundingRectangle();

            if(color=="blue")
            {
                return new Rect(new Point(parentRect.X, parentRect.Y), new Point(parentRect.X + target.RenderSize.Width / 2, parentRect.Y+target.RenderSize.Height));
            }
            if(color=="red")
            {
                return new Rect(new Point(parentRect.X + target.RenderSize.Width / 2, parentRect.Y), new Point(parentRect.X + target.RenderSize.Width, parentRect.Y + target.RenderSize.Height));
            }
            return Rect.Empty;
        }
     
        protected override List<AutomationPeer> GetChildrenCore()
        {
            return null;
        }
   
        protected override string GetClassNameCore()
        {
            return "SelfDrawControlInnerGraphic";
        }
      
        protected override Point GetClickablePointCore()
        {
            return new Point(0,0);
        }
  
        protected override string GetHelpTextCore()
        {
            return "This is my HelpText";
        }
      
        protected override string GetItemStatusCore()
        {
            return "Status is active";
        }
    
        protected override string GetItemTypeCore()
        {
            return "This is my item type";
        }
     
        protected override AutomationPeer GetLabeledByCore()
        {
            return this;
        }
      
        protected override string GetNameCore()
        {
            return "Name is :"+color;
        }
       
        protected override AutomationOrientation GetOrientationCore()
        {
            return AutomationOrientation.None;
        }
     
        public override object GetPattern(PatternInterface patternInterface)
        {
            if(patternInterface== PatternInterface.Invoke || patternInterface== PatternInterface.Value)
            {
                return this;
            }
            return null;
        }
     
        protected override bool HasKeyboardFocusCore()
        {
            return false;
        }
       
        protected override bool IsContentElementCore()
        {
            return true;
        }
     
        protected override bool IsControlElementCore()
        {
            return true;
        }
  
        protected override bool IsEnabledCore()
        {
            return true;
        }

        protected override bool IsKeyboardFocusableCore()
        {
            return false;
        }
   
        protected override bool IsOffscreenCore()
        {
            return false;
        }
      
        protected override bool IsPasswordCore()
        {
            return false;
        }
    
        protected override bool IsRequiredForFormCore()
        {
            return false;
        }
       
        protected override void SetFocusCore()
        {
        }
    }

BindingWindow的XAML和代码:

<ListBox Name="InnerListbox" >
        <ListBox.Resources>
            <Style TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
                <Setter Property="AutomationProperties.AutomationId"  Value="{Binding  RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.Self}, Path=Content}" ></Setter>
            </Style>
        </ListBox.Resources>       
    </ListBox>

public partial class BindingWithAutomationID : Window
    {
        public BindingWithAutomationID()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.Name = "StyleBindingWindow";

            //可以使用Style的Setter来给binding的子元素增加AutomationID
            this.InnerListbox.DataContext = new string[] { "1", "2", "3" };
            Binding bind = new Binding();
            bind.Source = new string[] { "1", "2", "3" };
            this.InnerListbox.SetBinding(ListBox.ItemsSourceProperty, bind);            
        }

    }

WinForm的代码及其Server side provider实现:

[ComVisible(true)]
    public class MyForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form, IRawElementProviderSimple
    {
        private ValuePattern vp = new ValuePattern();
        private Timer timer = new Timer();
        private string curentNameProperty = string.Empty;

        public MyForm()
        {
            timer.Interval = 500;
            timer.Tick += new EventHandler(timer_Tick);
            timer.Enabled = true;

            this.Name = "WinFormWindow";
            this.Text = "ServerUIAFormDemo";

            Button btn = new Button();
            btn.Text = "This is a WinForm Button";
            btn.Name = "button1";
            this.Controls.Add(btn);

            curentNameProperty = string.Format("{0} {1}", this.Name, DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
        }

        void timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string newNameProperty=string.Format("{0} {1}", this.Name, DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
            AutomationInteropProvider.RaiseAutomationPropertyChangedEvent(this, new AutomationPropertyChangedEventArgs(AutomationElement.NameProperty, curentNameProperty, newNameProperty));
            curentNameProperty = newNameProperty;
        }

        protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
        {

            const int WM_GETOBJECT = 0x003D;
            if ((m.Msg == WM_GETOBJECT) && (m.LParam.ToInt32() ==
                AutomationInteropProvider.RootObjectId))
            {

                m.Result = AutomationInteropProvider.ReturnRawElementProvider(
                        this.Handle, m.WParam, m.LParam,
                        (IRawElementProviderSimple)this);
                return;

            }
            base.WndProc(ref m);
        } 

        public Object GetPatternProvider(int patternId)
        {

            if (patternId == ValuePatternIdentifiers.Pattern.Id)
            {
                //Create and return ValuePattern object
                return vp;
            }
            else
            {
                return null;
            }
        }

        //This function handles all the UIA Property reqeust
        public Object GetPropertyValue(int propertyId)
        {

            if (propertyId == AutomationElementIdentifiers.NameProperty.Id)
            {
                return curentNameProperty;
            }

            else if (propertyId == AutomationElementIdentifiers.NativeWindowHandleProperty.Id)
            {
                return this.Handle;
            }

            else if (propertyId == AutomationElementIdentifiers.AutomationIdProperty.Id)
            {
                return this.Name;
            }

            else if (propertyId == AutomationElementIdentifiers.ClassNameProperty.Id)
            {
                return "RootButtonControlClass";
            }

            else if (propertyId == AutomationElementIdentifiers.ControlTypeProperty.Id)
            {
                return ControlType.Window.Id;
            }

            else if (propertyId == AutomationElementIdentifiers.IsContentElementProperty.Id)
            {
                return false;
            }

            else if (propertyId == AutomationElementIdentifiers.IsControlElementProperty.Id)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return AutomationElement.NotSupported;
            }

        }

        public IRawElementProviderSimple HostRawElementProvider
        {
            get
            {
                return AutomationInteropProvider.HostProviderFromHandle(this.Handle);
            }
        }

        public ProviderOptions ProviderOptions
        {
            get
            {
                //Indicate this is server side implementation
                return ProviderOptions.ServerSideProvider;
            }
        }
    }

    [ComVisible(true)]
    public class ValuePattern : IValueProvider
    {
        public bool IsReadOnly { get { return true; } }
        public string Value
        {
            get
            {
                //Return current time as value pattern’s value
                return DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString();
            }
        }
        public void SetValue(string value) { return; }
    }

下面是测试程序:

测试演示1: 演示UIA API里面的cached property:

class DemoCachedProperty
    {
        public static void Test()
        {
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();            
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element;
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                AutomationElement wpfRoot = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "Window1"));
                AutomationElement textBlock1 = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "TimeBlock"));
                AutomationElement textBlock2 = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "TimeBlock"));
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                {
                    string cachedName = textBlock1.Cached.Name;
                    string uncachedName = textBlock2.Current.Name;
                    Console.WriteLine("=================");
                    Console.WriteLine("Cached Name is {0}", cachedName);
                    Console.WriteLine("UnCached Name is {0}", uncachedName);
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(300);
                }
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Test finishes...................");
        }
    }

测试演示2: timing issue导致的问题和三种应对方法: Sleep/Polling/Event:

class DemoDelayedWindow
    {
        static DateTime eventStartTime;

        public static void NoUISyncLeadToErrorDemo()
        {
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element;
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                AutomationElement wpfRoot = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "Window1"));
                AutomationElement btnOpenNewWindow = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "ButtonOpenFlashWindow"));
                InvokePattern invokPtn = (InvokePattern)btnOpenNewWindow.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);
                invokPtn.Invoke();
                Console.WriteLine("Button Clicked...");
                AutomationElement newWindow = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "FlashWindow"));
                Console.WriteLine(newWindow.Current.Name);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Test finishes...................");
        }

        public static void SimpleSleepSyncDemo()
        {
            DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;

            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element;
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                AutomationElement wpfRoot = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "Window1"));
                AutomationElement btnOpenNewWindow = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "ButtonOpenFlashWindow"));
                InvokePattern invokPtn = (InvokePattern)btnOpenNewWindow.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);
                invokPtn.Invoke();
                Console.WriteLine("Button Clicked...");
                Console.WriteLine("Sleeping 6 seconds to wait...");
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000 * 6);
                AutomationElement newWindow = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "FlashWindow"));
                Console.WriteLine(newWindow.Current.Name);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Test finishes...................");
            Console.WriteLine("Test cost {0} seconds", (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds);
        }

        public static void PollingSyncDemo()
        {
            DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element;
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                AutomationElement wpfRoot = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "Window1"));
                AutomationElement btnOpenNewWindow = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "ButtonOpenFlashWindow"));
                InvokePattern invokPtn = (InvokePattern)btnOpenNewWindow.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);
                invokPtn.Invoke();
                Console.WriteLine("Button Clicked...");

                int timeout = 10 * 1000;
                while (true)
                {
                    AutomationElement newWindow = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "FlashWindow"));
                    if (newWindow == null)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Cannot find expected window. Sleep for a short time");
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
                        timeout -= 300;
                        if (timeout <= 0)
                        {
                            throw new TimeoutException("Window probing process times out after 10 seconds.");
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(newWindow.Current.Name);
                        break;
                    }
                }

            }

            Console.WriteLine("Test finishes...................");
            Console.WriteLine("Test cost {0} seconds", (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds);
        }

        public static void EventSyncDemo()
        {
            eventStartTime = DateTime.Now;
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element;
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                AutomationElement wpfRoot = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "Window1"));
                AutomationElement btnOpenNewWindow = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "ButtonOpenFlashWindow"));
                InvokePattern invokPtn = (InvokePattern)btnOpenNewWindow.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);
                Console.WriteLine("Register Event");
                AutomationEventHandler eventHandler = new AutomationEventHandler(OnWindowOpenOrClose);
                Automation.AddAutomationEventHandler(WindowPattern.WindowOpenedEvent, AutomationElement.RootElement, TreeScope.Children, eventHandler);
                Automation.AddAutomationEventHandler(WindowPattern.WindowClosedEvent, AutomationElement.RootElement, TreeScope.Subtree, eventHandler);

                invokPtn.Invoke();
                Console.WriteLine("Button Clicked and Wait...");
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }

        static void OnWindowOpenOrClose(object src, AutomationEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("OnWindowOpenOrClose event triggers");
            if (e.EventId != WindowPattern.WindowOpenedEvent)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("It is NOT WindowOpenedEvent.Ignore");
                return;
            }

            AutomationElement sourceElement;
            try
            {
                sourceElement = src as AutomationElement;
                if (sourceElement.Current.AutomationId == "FlashWindow")
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(sourceElement.Current.Name);
                }
            }

            catch (ElementNotAvailableException)
            {
                return;
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Test finishes...................");
            Console.WriteLine("Test cost {0} seconds", (DateTime.Now - eventStartTime).TotalSeconds);
        }
}

测试演示3: 通过Waiter Pattern来简化timing issue的处理:

class SimpleWaiter
    {
        private AutomationEvent _eventId;
        private AutomationElement _element;
        private TreeScope _scope;
        private System.Threading.AutoResetEvent _event;
        private Condition _condition;
        private AutomationEventHandler _eventHandler;

        public SimpleWaiter(AutomationEvent eventId, AutomationElement element, TreeScope scope, Condition condition)
        {
            this._eventId = eventId;
            this._element = element;
            this._scope = scope;
            this._condition = condition;
            _event = new System.Threading.AutoResetEvent(false);
            _eventHandler = new AutomationEventHandler(Handler);
            Automation.AddAutomationEventHandler(_eventId, _element, _scope, _eventHandler);
        }

        void Handler(object src, AutomationEventArgs e)
        {            
            AutomationElement sourceElement;
            sourceElement = src as AutomationElement;  
            var finditem = sourceElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Element, _condition);
            if (finditem != null && finditem.Equals(sourceElement))
            {                
                _event.Set();
                Automation.RemoveAutomationEventHandler(_eventId, _element, _eventHandler);
            }            
        }

        public void Wait(int timeOut)
        {
            _event.WaitOne(timeOut);
        }

　　　　　public static void WaiterDemo()
        {
            DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element;
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                AutomationElement wpfRoot = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "Window1"));
                AutomationElement btnOpenNewWindow = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "ButtonOpenFlashWindow"));
                InvokePattern invokPtn = (InvokePattern)btnOpenNewWindow.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);

                SimpleWaiter waiter = new SimpleWaiter(WindowPattern.WindowOpenedEvent, AutomationElement.RootElement, TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "FlashWindow"));

                invokPtn.Invoke();
                Console.WriteLine("Button Clicked and Wait...");
                waiter.Wait(1000 * 1000);

                AutomationElement newWindow = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "FlashWindow"));
                Console.WriteLine(newWindow.Current.Name);


                Console.WriteLine("Test finishes...................");
                Console.WriteLine("Test cost {0} seconds", (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds);
            }
        }
    } 

测试演示3: 如何模拟真实的鼠标click, 以及如何确保测试目标位于前台:

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct HARDWAREINPUT
    {
        public uint msg;
        public ushort paramL;
        public ushort paramH;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct KEYBDINPUT
    {
        public ushort virtualKeyCode;
        public ushort scanCode;
        public uint flags;
        public uint time;
        public IntPtr extraInfo;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct MOUSEINPUT
    {
        public int dx;
        public int dy;
        public uint mouseData;
        public uint flags;
        public uint time;
        public IntPtr extraInfo;
    }


    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
    public struct InputTypeUnion
    {
        // Fields
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public HARDWAREINPUT hi;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public KEYBDINPUT ki;
        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public MOUSEINPUT mi;
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct INPUT
    {
        public uint type;
        public InputTypeUnion data;
    }

    class Clicker
    {
        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        static extern uint SendInput(uint inputCount, ref INPUT inputs, int inputSize);

        static public void Click(Point point)
        {            
            MovePointTo (point.X,point.Y);            
            Click();
        }

        static public Point GetClickPoint(AutomationElement ele)
        {            
            Point clickablePt;
            if(ele.TryGetClickablePoint(out clickablePt))
            {
                return clickablePt;
            }
            var boundingRect = ele.Current.BoundingRectangle;           
            return new Point(boundingRect.X + (boundingRect.Width / 2), boundingRect.Y + (boundingRect.Height / 2));            
        }

        static void MovePointTo(double absX, double absY)
        {
            INPUT input = new INPUT();
            var virtualScreen = System.Windows.Forms.SystemInformation.VirtualScreen;
            absX = (((absX - virtualScreen.X) + 0.5) * 65536.0) / ((double)virtualScreen.Width);
            absY = (((absY - virtualScreen.Y) + 0.5) * 65536.0) / ((double)virtualScreen.Height);
            input.type = 0;
            input.data.mi.dx = (int)absX;
            input.data.mi.dy = (int)absY;
            input.data.mi.flags = 0xc001;
            SendInput(1, ref input, Marshal.SizeOf(input));
        }

        static void MouseDown()
        {
            INPUT input = new INPUT();
            input.type = 0;
            input.data.mi.flags = 2; //DOWN
            input.data.mi.mouseData |= 1;
            SendInput(1, ref input, Marshal.SizeOf(input));
        }

        static void MouseUp()
        {
            INPUT input = new INPUT();
            input.type = 0;
            input.data.mi.flags = 4; //UP
            input.data.mi.mouseData |= 1;
            SendInput(1, ref input, Marshal.SizeOf(input));
        }

        static void Click()
        {
            MouseDown();
            MouseUp();
        }
    }
 

public static void ClickWithWaiterDemo()
        {
            DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;
            CacheRequest cacheRequest = new CacheRequest();
            cacheRequest.TreeScope = TreeScope.Element;
            cacheRequest.Add(AutomationElement.NameProperty);

            using (cacheRequest.Activate())
            {
                AutomationElement wpfRoot = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "Window1"));
                WindowPattern wndptn = (WindowPattern)wpfRoot.GetCurrentPattern(WindowPattern.Pattern);

                var currentStates = wndptn.Current.WindowVisualState;
                if (currentStates != WindowVisualState.Minimized)
                {
                    wndptn.SetWindowVisualState(currentStates);
                }
                else
                {
                    wndptn.SetWindowVisualState(WindowVisualState.Normal);
                }
                    
                AutomationElement btnOpenNewWindow = wpfRoot.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "ButtonOpenFlashWindow"));
                InvokePattern invokPtn = (InvokePattern)btnOpenNewWindow.GetCurrentPattern(InvokePattern.Pattern);

                SimpleWaiter waiter = new SimpleWaiter(WindowPattern.WindowOpenedEvent, AutomationElement.RootElement, TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "FlashWindow"));
                var poi = Clicker.GetClickPoint(btnOpenNewWindow);
                Clicker.Click(poi);
                //invokPtn.Invoke();
                Console.WriteLine("Button Clicked and Wait...");
                waiter.Wait(1000 * 1000);

                AutomationElement newWindow = AutomationElement.RootElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.AutomationIdProperty, "FlashWindow"));
                Console.WriteLine(newWindow.Current.Name);

                Console.WriteLine("Test finishes...................");
                Console.WriteLine("Test cost {0} seconds", (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds);
            }
        }

测试演示4,5演示WaitForReady以及简单的Engine实现, 代码比较多, 就请自己下载吧.

 https://files.cnblogs.com/lixiong/UIAutoDemo.zip