Map是c++的一个标准容器,她提供了很好一对一的关系,在一些程序中建立一个map可以起到事半功倍的效果,总结了一些map基本简单实用的操作!
1. map最基本的构造函数;
map<string ,
int
>mapstring;
map<int ,string >mapint;
map<sring,
char>mapstring;
map< char ,string>mapchar;
map<char
,int>mapchar;
map<int ,char >mapint;
2. map添加数据;
map<int
,string>
maplive;
1.maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(102,"aclive"));
2.maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(321,"hai"));
3,
maplive[112]="April";//map中最简单最常用的插入添加!
3,map中元素的查找:
find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。
map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
l_it=maplive.find(112);
if(l_it==maplive.end())
cout<<"we do not find
112"<<endl;
else
cout<<"wo find
112"<<endl;
4,map中元素的删除:
如果删除112;
map<int ,string
>::iterator l_it;;
l_it=maplive.find(112);
if(l_it==maplive.end())
cout<<"we do not find
112"<<endl;
else
maplive.erase(l_it);
//delete 112;
5,map中 swap的用法:
Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换;
For example:
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
map <int, int> m1, m2, m3;
map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 10 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 20 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 30 ) );
m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 10, 100 ) );
m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 20, 200 ) );
m3.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 30, 300 ) );
cout << "The original map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter->second;
cout << "." << endl;
// This is the member function version of swap
//m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map
m1.swap( m2 );
cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
cout << "." << endl;
cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
cout << "." << endl;
// This is the specialized template version of swap
swap( m1, m3 );
cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
cout << "." << endl;
}
6.map的sort问题:
Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数:
For example:
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
map <int, int> m1;
map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 20 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 4, 40 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 60 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 50 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 6, 40 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 7, 30 ) );
cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl;
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
cout << m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl;
}
The original map m1 is:
1 20
2 50
3 60
4 40
6 40
7 30
请按任意键继续. . .
7, map的基本操作函数:
C++
Maps是一种关联式容器,包含“关键字/值”对
begin()
返回指向map头部的迭代器
clear() 删除所有元素
count()
返回指定元素出现的次数
empty()
如果map为空则返回true
end()
返回指向map末尾的迭代器
equal_range()
返回特殊条目的迭代器对
erase()
删除一个元素
find()
查找一个元素
get_allocator() 返回map的配置器
insert()
插入元素
key_comp()
返回比较元素key的函数
lower_bound()
返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置
max_size()
返回可以容纳的最大元素个数
rbegin()
返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器
rend()
返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器
size()
返回map中元素的个数
swap()
交换两个map
upper_bound()
返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置
value_comp()
返回比较元素value的函数
稍作修改,便于阅读。