第三次作业

作业①

1)、爬取中国气象网的所有图片实验

<1>单线程：

import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4 import UnicodeDammit
import urllib.request
def imageSpider(start_url):
    try:
        urls=[]
        req = urllib.request.Request(start_url,headers=headers)
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
        data = data.read()
        dammit = UnicodeDammit(data,["utf-8","gbk"])
        data = dammit.unicode_markup
        soup = BeautifulSoup(data,"lxml")
        images = soup.select("img")
        for image in images:
            try:
                src = image["src"]
                url = urllib.request.urljoin(start_url,src)
                if url not in urls:
                    print(url)
                    urls.append(url)
                    download(url)
            except Exception as err:
                print(err)
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
def download(url):
    global count
    try:
        if (url[len(url) - 4] == "."):
            ext = url[len(url) - 4:]
        else:
            ext = ""
        count = count + 1
        req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(req,timeout = 100)
        data = data.read()
        fobj = open("C:/Users/asus/Desktop/数据采集/数据采集代码/images1/"+str(count)+ext,"wb")
        fobj.write(data)
        fobj.close()
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
start_url = "http://www.weather.com.cn"
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0 x64; en-US; rv:1.9pre)Gecko/2008072421 Minefield/3.0.2pre"}
count=0
os.mkdir('images1')
print("下载的Url信息:")
imageSpider(start_url)

<2>多线程：

import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4 import UnicodeDammit
import urllib.request
import threading
def imageSpider(start_url):
    global threads
    global count
    try:
        urls=[]
        req=urllib.request.Request(start_url,headers=headers)
        data=urllib.request.urlopen(req)
        data=data.read()
        dammit=UnicodeDammit(data,["utf-8","gbk"])
        data=dammit.unicode_markup
        soup = BeautifulSoup(data, "lxml")
        images = soup.select("img")
        for image in images:
            try:
                src = image["src"]
                url = urllib.request.urljoin(start_url, src)
                if url not in urls:
                    print(url)
                    count = count + 1
                    T = threading.Thread(target=download, args=(url, count))
                    T.setDaemon(False)
                    T.start()
                    threads.append(T)
            except Exception as err:
                print(err)
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
def download(url,count):
    try:
        if(url[len(url)-4]=="."):
                ext=url[len(url)-4:]
        else:
            ext=""
        req=urllib.request.Request(url,headers=headers)
        data=urllib.request.urlopen(req,timeout=100)
        data=data.read()
        fobj=open("C:/Users/asus/Desktop/数据采集/数据采集代码/images2/"+str(count)+ext,"wb")
        fobj.write(data)
        fobj.close()
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
start_url="http://www.weather.com.cn"
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0 x64; en-US; rv:1.9pre)Gecko/2008072421 Minefield/3.0.2pre"}
count=0
os.mkdir('images2')
threads=[]
print("下载的Url信息:")
imageSpider(start_url)
for t in threads:
    t.join()

2)、心得体会

这道题难度不高，跟实践课上打的例题差不多。虽然以前也学过多线程，不过几乎忘光了，通过这次实验，我回忆起了许多有关多线程的知识，弄懂了多线程与单线程的区别。

作业②

1)、使用scrapy框架复现作业①实验

jpg（主函数）：

import os
import scrapy
from ..items import GetjpgItem
class jpgSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'jpg'
    start_urls = ['http://www.weather.com.cn']
    def parse(self, response):
        srcs = response.xpath('//img/@src')
        os.mkdir("C:/Users/asus/Desktop/数据采集/数据采集代码/images3/")
        for src in srcs.extract():
            item = GetjpgItem()
            item["url"] = src
            print(src)   # 输出下载的Url信息
            yield item

pipelines：

import urllib
class GetjpgPipeline:
    count = 0  # 用于图片命名
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        GetjpgPipeline.count += 1
        try:
            url = item["url"]  # 获得url地址
            if (url[len(url) - 4] == "."):
                ext = url[len(url) - 4:]  # ext是个“.”
            else:
                ext = ""
            req = urllib.request.Request(url)
            data = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=100)
            data = data.read()
            fobj = open("C:/Users/asus/Desktop/数据采集/数据采集代码/images3/" + str(GetjpgPipeline.count) + ext,
                        "wb")  # 打开一个文件，这个
            fobj.write(data)  # 写入数据
            fobj.close()  # 关闭文件
        except Exception as err:
            print(err)
        return item

items：

import scrapy
class GetjpgItem(scrapy.Item):
    url = scrapy.Field()
    pass

settings部分代码：

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'Getjpg.pipelines.GetjpgPipeline': 300,
}

2)、心得体会

刚开始弄不清楚各个py文件的关系，花了很多时间才大致弄懂。我认为，scrapy框架就是通过先items.py设置item里的field，然后通过主函数获取数据并存入相应field里，推送给pipelines.py进行爬取、存储。当然一定要记得在setting.py里去掉三个'#'号。

作业③

1)、使用scrapy框架爬取股票相关信息实验

stock（主函数）：

import re
import urllib
from ..items import GetStockItem
import scrapy
from bs4 import UnicodeDammit, BeautifulSoup
class StockSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'stock'
    start_urls = ['http://quote.eastmoney.com/stock_list.html']
    def parse(self, response):
        url = "http://22.push2.eastmoney.com/api/qt/clist/get?cb=jQuery112406286903286457721_1602799759543&pn=1&pz=20&po=1&np=1&ut=bd1d9ddb04089700cf9c27f6f7426281&fltt=2&invt=2&fid=f3&fs=m:0+t:6,m:0+t:13,m:0+t:80&fields=f12,f14,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f15,f16,f17,f18&_=1602799759869"
        headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) ""Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3775.400 QQBrowser/10.6.4209.400"}
        req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
        data = data.read()
        dammit = UnicodeDammit(data, ["utf-8", "gbk"])
        data = dammit.unicode_markup
        soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'html.parser')
        data = re.findall(r'"diff":[(.*?)]', soup.text)
        datas = data[0].strip("{").strip("}").split('},{')  # 去掉头尾的"{"和"}"，再通过"},{"切片
        for i in range(len(datas)):
            item = GetStockItem()
            item["data"] = datas[i].replace('"', "").split(",")  # 去掉双引号并通过","切片
            yield item

pipelines：

class GetStockPipeline:
    number = 0
    print("序号"+'	'+"代码"+'	'+"名称"+'	'+"最新价"+'	'+"涨跌幅"+'	'+"跌涨额"+'	'+"成交量"+'	'+"成交额"+'	'+"振幅"+'	'+"最高"+'	'+"最低"+'	'+"今开"+'	'+"昨收")
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        GetStockPipeline.number += 1
        try:
            stock = item["data"]
            print(str(GetStockPipeline.number)+'	'+stock[6][4:]+'	'+stock[7][4:]+'	'+stock[0][3:]+'	'+stock[1][3:]+'	'+stock[2][3:]+'	'+stock[3][3:]+'	'+stock[4][3:]+'	'+stock[5][3:]+'	'+stock[8][4:]+'	'+stock[9][4:]+'	'+stock[10][4:]+'	'+stock[11][4:])
        except:
            pass
        return item

items：

import scrapy
class GetStockItem(scrapy.Item):
    data = scrapy.Field()
    pass

settings部分代码：

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'get_stock.pipelines.GetStockPipeline': 300,
}

2)、心得体会

结果没有存到excel文件里，直接在控制台进行输出，显示效果有点不大好。这个作业跟上个作业差得不多，而且股票爬取我们上次作业就做过了，所以花的时间不会很多。但这次作业还有不足。如何在两个文件完成制表这个问题我没有弄懂，试了几次都没能实现在pipelines.py将数据存入表格，并在主函数进行表格输出。