第十四章 springmvc快速入门(注解版本)
1)springmvc快速入门(传统版)
步一:创建springmvc-day02这么一个web应用
步二:导入springioc,springweb和springmvc相关的jar包
------------------------------------------------------springWEB模块 org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar(mvc专用) ------------------------------------------------------springIOC模块 org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar |
步三:在/WEB-INF/下创建web.xml文件
<servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
步四:创建HelloAction.java控制器类
@Controller public class HelloAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/hello") public String helloMethod(Model model) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::helloMethod()"); model.addAttribute("message", "这是我的第二个springmvc应用程序"); return "/success.jsp"; } }
步五:在/WebRoot/下创建success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>这是我的第二个springmvc应用程序</title> </head> <body> success.jsp <br /> ${message} </body> </html>
步六:在/src/目录下创建spring.xml配置文件
<!-- Action控制器 --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.javaee.springmvc.helloannotation" /> <!-- 基于注解的映射器(可选) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" /> <!-- 基于注解的适配器(可选) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" /> <!-- 视图解析器(可选) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" />
步七:部署web应用到tomcat中,通过浏览器访问如下URL:
http://127.0.0.1:8080/springmvc-day02/hello.action
第十五章 一个Action中,可以写多个类似的业务控制方法
1)通过模块根路径 + 功能子路径 = 访问模块下子功能的路径
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/add") public String add(Model model) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::add()"); model.addAttribute("message", "增加用户"); return "/success.jsp"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/find") public String find(Model model) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::find()"); model.addAttribute("message", "查询用户"); return "/success.jsp"; } }
增加用户:http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc-day02/user/add.action
查询用户:http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc-day02/user/find.action
第十六章 在业务控制方法中写入普通变量收集参数
1)可以在业务控制方法中,以参数形式收集客户端参数,springmvc采用方法参数形式的
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/add") public String add(Model model, int id, String name, Double sal) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::add()"); System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal); model.addAttribute("message", "增加用户"); return "/success.jsp"; } }
http://127.0.0.1:8080/myspringmvc-day02/user/add.action?id=1&name=zhaojun&sal=5000
第十七章 限定某个业务控制方法,只允许GET或POST请求方式访问
1)可以在业务控制方法前,指明该业务控制方法只能接收GET或POST的请求
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String add(Model model, int id, String name, double sal) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST"); System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal); model.addAttribute("message", "增加用户"); return "/success.jsp"; } }
如果不书写method=RequestMethod.POST的话,GET和POST请求都支持
第十八章 在业务控制方法中写入Request,Response等传统web参数
1)可以在业务控制方法中书写传统web参数,这种方式我们不提倡,耦合了
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public void add(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST"); int id = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id")); String name = request.getParameter("name"); double sal = Double.parseDouble(request.getParameter("sal")); System.out.println(id + ":" + name + ":" + sal); request.getSession().setAttribute("id", id); request.getSession().setAttribute("name", name); request.getSession().setAttribute("sal", sal); response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/register.jsp"); } }
第十九章 在业务控制方法中写入模型变量收集参数,且使用@InitBind来解决字符串转日期类型
1) 在默认情况下,springmvc不能将String类型转成java.util.Date类型,所有我们只能在Action
中自定义类型转换器
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/add.action" method="POST"> 编号:<input type="text" name="id" value="${id}" /><br /> 姓名:<input type="text" name="name" value="${name}" /><br /> 薪水:<input type="text" name="sal" value="${sal}" /><br /> 入职时间:<input type="text" name="hiredate" value='<fmt:formatDate value="${hiredate}" type="date"/>' /><br /> <input type="submit" value="注册" /> </form>
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @InitBinder protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request, ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception { binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String add(int id, String name, double sal, Date hiredate, Model model) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST"); model.addAttribute("id", id); model.addAttribute("name", name); model.addAttribute("sal", sal); model.addAttribute("hiredate", hiredate); return "/register.jsp"; } }
第二十章 在业务控制方法中写入User,Admin多个模型收集参数
1) 可以在业务控制方法中书写1个模型来收集客户端的参数
2) 模型中的属性名必须和客户端参数名一一对应
3) 这里说的模型不是Model对象,Model是向视图中封装的数据
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @InitBinder protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request, ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception { binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String add(User user, Model model) throws Exception { System.out.println("HelloAction::add()::POST"); model.addAttribute("user", user); return "/register.jsp"; } }
第二十一章 在业务控制方法中写入包装User的模型来收集参数
可以在业务控制方法中书写0个或多个模型来收集客户端的参数
1) 如果多个模型中有相同的属性时,可以用user.name或admin.name来收集客户端参数
2) 用一个新的模型将User和Admin再封装一次
User.java
public class User { private Integer id; private String name; private Double sal; private Date hiredate; public User() { } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Double getSal() { return sal; } public void setSal(Double sal) { this.sal = sal; } public Date getHiredate() { return hiredate; } public void setHiredate(Date hiredate) { this.hiredate = hiredate; } @Override public String toString() { return this.id + ":" + this.name + ":" + this.sal + ":" + this.hiredate; } }
Bean.java
public class Bean { private User user; private Admin admin; public Bean() { } public User getUser() { return user; } public void setUser(User user) { this.user = user; } public Admin getAdmin() { return admin; } public void setAdmin(Admin admin) { this.admin = admin; } }
PersonAction.java
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/person") public class PersonAction { @InitBinder protected void initBinder(HttpServletRequest request, ServletRequestDataBinder binder) throws Exception { binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String add(Bean bean, Model model) throws Exception { System.out.println(bean.getUser()); System.out.println(bean.getAdmin()); System.out.println("PersonAction::add()::POST"); model.addAttribute("bean", bean); return "/register.jsp"; } }
register.jsp
普通用户 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/person/add.action" method="POST"> 编号:<input type="text" name="user.id" value="${bean.user.id}"/><br/> 姓名:<input type="text" name="user.name" value="${bean.user.name}"/><br/> 薪水:<input type="text" name="user.sal" value="${bean.user.sal}"/><br/> 入职时间:<input type="text" name="user.hiredate" value='<fmt:formatDate value="${bean.user.hiredate}" type="both" />'/><br/> <input type="submit" value="注册"/> </form>
第二十二章 在业务控制方法中收集数组参数
批量删除用户
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/delete") public String deleteMethod(int[] ids, Model model) throws Exception { System.out.println("UserAction::deleteMethod()"); System.out.println("需要删除的id为:"); for (int id : ids) { System.out.print(id + " "); } model.addAttribute("message", "批量删除成功"); return "/success.jsp"; } }
第二十三章 在业务控制方法中收集List<JavaBean>参数
批量注册用户
UserAction.java
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/addAll") public String addAll(Bean bean, Model model) throws Exception { for (User user : bean.getUserList()) { System.out.println(user.getName() + ":" + user.getGender()); } model.addAttribute("message", "批量增加用户成功"); return "/success.jsp"; } }
Bean.java
public class Bean { private List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>(); public Bean() { } public List<User> getUserList() { return userList; } public void setUserList(List<User> userList) { this.userList = userList; } }
registerAll.jsp
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/addAll.action" method="POST"> 姓名:<input type="text" name="userList[0].name" value="哈哈"/> 性别:<input type="text" name="userList[0].gender" value="男"/> <hr/> 姓名:<input type="text" name="userList[1].name" value="呵呵"/> 性别:<input type="text" name="userList[1].gender" value="男"/> <hr/> 姓名:<input type="text" name="userList[2].name" value="嘻嘻"/> 性别:<input type="text" name="userList[2].gender" value="女"/> <hr/> <input type="submit" value="批量注册"/> </form>
第二十四章 结果的转发和重定向
1) 在转发情况下,共享request域对象,会将参数从第一个业务控制方法传入第二个业务控制方法,
反之,重定向则不行
删除id=10号的用户,再查询用户
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/delete") public String delete(int id) throws Exception { System.out.println("删除用户->" + id); // 转发到find() return "forward:/user/find.action"; // 重定向到find() // return "redirect:/user/find.action"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/find") public String find(int id) throws Exception { System.out.println("查询用户->" + id); return "/success.jsp"; } }
第二十五章 异步发送表单数据到JavaBean,并响应JSON文本返回
1) 提交表单后,将JavaBean信息以JSON文本形式返回到浏览器
bean2json.jsp
<form> 编号:<input type="text" name="id" value="1"/><br/> 姓名:<input type="text" name="name" value="哈哈"/> <br /> 薪水:<input type="text" name="sal" value="5000" /><br /> <input type="button" value="异步提交注册" /> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> $(":button").click(function() { var url = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/add.action"; var sendData = { "id" : 1, "name" : "哈哈", "sal" : 5000 }; $.post(url, sendData, function(backData, textStatus, ajax) { alert(ajax.responseText); }); }); </script>
User.java
public class User { private Integer id; private String name; private Double sal; public User() { } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Double getSal() { return sal; } public void setSal(Double sal) { this.sal = sal; } }
UserAction.java
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/user") public class UserAction { @RequestMapping(value = "/add") public @ResponseBody User add(User user) throws Exception { System.out.println(user.getId() + ":" + user.getName() + ":" + user.getSal()); return user; } }
spring.xml
<!-- Action控制器 --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.javaee.springmvc.app25" /> <!-- 配适器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /> </list> </property> </bean>
注意:使用mvc注解驱动可以代替spring.xml中适配器和映射器的配置信息,包括对json的配置
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
拦截器
springmvc拦截器是针对mapping的拦截配置。
配置方法:
1.针对某种mapping配置拦截器 符合mapping的handler才能被拦截到。
2.针对所有mapping配置全局拦截器:达到目的:所有请求都走这个拦截器配置。
springmvc框架自动将这个拦截器配置注入到所有的mapping中。
<!-- 拦截器 --> <mvc:interceptors> <!-- 多个拦截器,顺序执行 --> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**" /> <bean class="cn.itcast.springmvc.filter.HandlerInterceptor1"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**" /> <bean class="cn.itcast.springmvc.filter.HandlerInterceptor2"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
原理及场景分析:
package cn.itcast.springmvc.interceptor; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; public class HandlerInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor { /** * 此方法是在进行handler方法之前执行 * arg2:要执行的handler * 场景:用户权限的拦截 */ @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { //返回一个false表示拦截,后边的拦截器不再执行 //如果返回一个true表示放行 System.out.println("HandlerInterceptor1..preHandle"); return true; } /** * 此方法是在执行handler完毕,返回modenAndview之前执行 * 场景:对ModelAndView进行修改,比如统一添加页面导航(页面所需要的公用数据) */ @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("HandlerInterceptor1..postHandle"); } /** * 此方法是在执行handler完毕,且返回ModelAndView之后执行 * 场景:在这里记录执行的时间,并且在preHandle方法中也记录执行的开始时间,统一action执行时间,完成执行性能监视 * 场景:统一在这里进行日志记录 * 场景:统一进行异常处理 */ @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println("HandlerInterceptor1..afterCompletion"); } }
例子:
拦截器用户认证应用: 所有的请求都由用户认证拦截器进行拦截: 判断如果用户的session没有要跳转到登录页面