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  • 初识SpringCloud微服务

    本文使用生产端与消费端两个工程来展示微服务之间的调用方式

    具体内容详见代码注释

    生产端工程:

    pom.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.cloud.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>micro-provider</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>micro-provider</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <!--spring cloud依赖管理-->
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Finchley.SR2</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.2</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--引入zookeeper 测试时使用,只能连接本地的zookeeper-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-all</artifactId>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                        <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                <version>3.4.12</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <fork>true</fork>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    
    </project>

    application.yml配置

    spring:
      datasource:
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql:///testdb?useSSL=true
        username: root
        password: 123
      application:
        name: provider   #配置服务名
      cloud:
        zookeeper:
          connect-string: localhost:2181  #注册zookeeper地址
    
    mybatis:
      configuration:
        map-underscore-to-camel-case: true # 配置mybatis字段与实体类属性映射
    
    
    # 配置打印SQL的日志
    logging:
      level:
        com.cloud.demo.microprovider.mapper:  debug

    UserInfo实体类

    package com.cloud.demo.microprovider.domain;
    
    import lombok.Getter;
    import lombok.Setter;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    @Getter    //lombok插件生成get方法
    @Setter    //lombok插件生成set方法
    public class UserInfo {
        private Integer userId;
        private String userName;
        private int userAge;
        private Date userBirth;
    }

    service接口

    package com.cloud.demo.microprovider.service;
    
    import com.cloud.demo.microprovider.domain.UserInfo;
    
    public interface UserService {
        UserInfo getUserById(Integer userId);
    }

    service实现类

    package com.cloud.demo.microprovider.service;
    
    import com.cloud.demo.microprovider.domain.UserInfo;
    import com.cloud.demo.microprovider.mapper.UserInfoMapper;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
    
    @Service
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
        @Resource
        private UserInfoMapper userMapper;
    
        @Override
        public UserInfo getUserById(Integer userId) {
            return userMapper.getUser(userId);
        }
    }

    Mapper

    package com.cloud.demo.microprovider.mapper;
    
    import com.cloud.demo.microprovider.domain.UserInfo;
    import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
    import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
    
    public interface UserInfoMapper {
    
        @Select("SELECT USER_ID, " +
                "USER_NAME, USER_AGE, " +
                "USER_BIRTH FROM T_USER WHERE USER_ID=#{userId}")
        UserInfo getUser(@Param("userId") Integer userId);
    }

    Controller

    package com.cloud.demo.microprovider.controller;
    
    import com.cloud.demo.microprovider.domain.UserInfo;
    import com.cloud.demo.microprovider.service.UserService;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    public class UserController {
    
        @Autowired
        private UserService userService;
    
        @GetMapping("user/{id}")
        public UserInfo getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer userId) {
            return userService.getUserById(userId);
        }
    }

    服务启动类:

    package com.cloud.demo.microprovider;
    
    import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @MapperScan("com.cloud.demo.microprovider.mapper")//扫描Mapper到Spring容器中
    @EnableDiscoveryClient //将服务注册到Zookeeper中管理
    public class MicroProviderApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MicroProviderApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

    消费端工程:

    pom.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.gerry.cloud.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>micro-consumer</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
        <name>micro-consumer</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <!--spring cloud依赖管理-->
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>Finchley.SR2</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--引入zookeeper 测试时使用,只能连接本地zookeeper-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-all</artifactId>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                        <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                <version>3.4.12</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <fork>true</fork>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    
    </project>

    application.yml配置

    server:
      port: 8888  #为了与生成端端口不同,设置端口号
    
    spring:
      cloud:
        zookeeper:
          connect-string: localhost:2181  #注册zookeeper地址
          discovery:
            register: false  #设置为false代表不会注册进zookeeper

    实体类

    package com.gerry.cloud.demo.microconsumer.vo;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAlias;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
    import lombok.Getter;
    import lombok.Setter;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    @Getter
    @Setter
    public class UserVo {
        private Integer userId;
        @JsonAlias("userName") // 配置json字段映射
        private String personName;
        private int userAge;
        @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
        private Date userBirth;
    }
    package com.gerry.cloud.demo.microconsumer.config;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    /**
     * 把RestTemplate对象装配到spring容器管理
     */
    @SpringBootConfiguration
    public class RestTemplateConfiguration {
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced  //负载均衡
        public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

    Controller

    package com.gerry.cloud.demo.microconsumer.controller;
    
    import com.gerry.cloud.demo.microconsumer.vo.UserVo;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @RestController
    public class UserWarpController {
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @Autowired
        private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
    
        // 写死访问api方式测试
        /*@GetMapping("warp/user/{version}/{id}")
        public UserVo getUser(@PathVariable("version") double version
                , @PathVariable("id") Integer userId, String name) {
            System.out.println(version);
            System.out.println(name);
            // url必须是rest风格路径
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080//user/"+userId, UserVo.class);
        }*/
    
        /*@GetMapping("warp/user/{id}") 
        public UserVo getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer userId) {  //可以实现负载均衡
            ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("provider");
            String host = serviceInstance.getHost(); // 主机名
            int port = serviceInstance.getPort(); // 端口号
            String url = String.format("http://%s:%s/%s/%d",host, port, "user", userId);
            System.out.println(url);
            // url必须是rest风格路径
            return restTemplate.getForObject(url, UserVo.class);
        }*/
    
        @GetMapping("warp/user/{id}") //可以实现负载均衡
        public UserVo getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer userId) {
            // url必须是rest风格路径
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://provider/user/"+userId, UserVo.class);
        }
    }

    服务启动类

    package com.gerry.cloud.demo.microconsumer;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class MicroConsumerApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MicroConsumerApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

    注意:此篇文章只是测试时使用,只能连接本地zookeeper,不能连接远程zookeeper,原因是zookeeper依赖不对,应改为:

            <!--Service Discovery with Zookeeper-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lm970585581/p/9857210.html
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