linux command line 利用Entrez Direct下载NCBI数据

一、软件的安装

1.软件下载：

curl    ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/entrezdirect/edirect.zip -O （熟悉curl下载文件的方法，见http://www.cnblogs.com/duhuo/p/5695256.html）

2.解压

unzip edirect.zip

3.添加、激活环境变量

echo  'export PATH=/home/lmt/desktop/edirect/:$PATH'  >>  ~/.zshrc （根据自己的配置文件选择，可能使~/.bashrc。查看shell ，echo $SHELL 就晓得啦）

source ~/.zshrc(激活环境变量)

二、.entrez direct的功能

1.esearch   根据给定的indexed fields进行查找

2.efilter   过滤之前查找到的的结果

3.efetch   根据指定的格式下载所需的数据

。。。。。

三、用法举例

下载核酸或蛋白序列（fasta格式）

esearch -db nucleotide -query  'CHN-JS-2014'  |  efetch    -format    fasta       >  11.fasta             #下载的为全基因组碱基序列

>KP757892.1 Porcine deltacoronavirus isolate CHN-JS-2014, complete genome
ACATGGGGACTAAAGATAAAAATTATAGCATTAGTCTATAATTTTATCTCCCTAGCTTCGCTAGTTCTCT
ACCGACACCAATCCAGGTGCGTCTGCCACCAAGTTGGCTACCCTTTCTAGGGGCGCTTTCGCGCTTGCTC
ACCATTAGATTACCTGGAAACCAGCCATTCAGGTTGGAGTTTCCCCAGGCTCTTTTGTGTGGGCATTAGC

esearch  -db  necleotide -query  'CHN-JS-2014'  |  efetch  -format   gene_fasta   >  22.fasta      #下载的为各个区段的基因的碱基序列，如S/E/M等，分开的

>lcl|KP757892.1_gene_3 [gene=E] [locus_tag=PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp3] [location=22797..23048]
ATGGTAGTCGACGACTGGGCCGTTACCATCCCTGGACAATATATTATTGCTATACTAGTTGTCATCTGCA
TTGGTGTGGCACTACTTTTTATTAACACTTGCTTAGCTTGTGTTAAATTATTTTACAAGTGCTACCTAGG
GGCAGCATACCTTGTTAGGCCTATTATAGTGTACTACTCCAAGCCGAACCCCGTACCTGAGGATGAGTTT
GTAAAAGTACACCAATTTCCTAGAAACACTCACTATGTCTGA
>lcl|KP757892.1_gene_4 [gene=M] [locus_tag=PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp4] [location=23041..23694]
ATGTCTGACGCAGAAGAGTGGCAAATTATTGTTTTCATTGCGATCATATGGGCGCTTGGCGTCATCCTCC
AAGGAGGCTATGCCACGCGTAATCGTGTGATCTATGTTATTAAACTTATTCTGCTTTGGCTGCTCCAACC
CTTCACCCTAGTGGTGACCATTTGGACCGCAGTTGACAGATCATCTAAGAAGGACGCAGTTTTCATTGTG
TCCATAATTTTTGCCGTACTGACCTTCATATCCTGGGCCAAGTACTGGTATGACTCAATTCGCTTATTAA
TGAAAACCAGATCTGCATGGGCACTCTCACCTGAGAGTAGACTCCTTGCAGGGATTATGGATCCAATGGG
TACATGGAGGTGCATTCCCATCGACCACATGGCTCCAATTCTCACACCAGTCGTTAAGCATGGCAAGCTC

esearch  -db  necleotide -query  'CHN-JS-2014'  |  efetch  -format   fasta_cds_aa     >  33.fasta            #下载的为各个区段的基因的蛋白序列，分开的（在核酸库里搜索，试着用蛋白库，发现报错）

>lcl|KP757892.1_prot_AKC54443.1_3 [gene=E] [locus_tag=PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp3] [protein=envelope protein] [protein_id=AKC54443.1] [location=22797..23048] [gbkey=CDS]
MVVDDWAVTIPGQYIIAILVVICIGVALLFINTCLACVKLFYKCYLGAAYLVRPIIVYYSKPNPVPEDEF
VKVHQFPRNTHYV
>lcl|KP757892.1_prot_AKC54444.1_4 [gene=M] [locus_tag=PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp4] [protein=membrane protein] [protein_id=AKC54444.1] [location=23041..23694] [gbkey=CDS]
MSDAEEWQIIVFIAIIWALGVILQGGYATRNRVIYVIKLILLWLLQPFTLVVTIWTAVDRSSKKDAVFIV
SIIFAVLTFISWAKYWYDSIRLLMKTRSAWALSPESRLLAGIMDPMGTWRCIPIDHMAPILTPVVKHGKL
KLHGQELANGISVRNPPQDMVIVSPSDTFHYTFKKPVESNNDPEFAVLIYQGDRASNAGLHTITTSKAGD
ARLYKYM

esearch  -db  necleotide -query  'CHN-JS-2014'  |  efetch  -format   fasta_cds_na     >  44.fasta            #下载的为各个区段基因的碱基序列，如S/E/M等，分开的，和22.fasta结果一样，只是注释信息较多

下载序列（非fasta格式）

>lcl|KP757892.1_cds_AKC54443.1_3 [gene=E] [locus_tag=PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp3] [protein=envelope protein] [protein_id=AKC54443.1] [location=22797..23048] [gbkey=CDS]
ATGGTAGTCGACGACTGGGCCGTTACCATCCCTGGACAATATATTATTGCTATACTAGTTGTCATCTGCA
TTGGTGTGGCACTACTTTTTATTAACACTTGCTTAGCTTGTGTTAAATTATTTTACAAGTGCTACCTAGG
GGCAGCATACCTTGTTAGGCCTATTATAGTGTACTACTCCAAGCCGAACCCCGTACCTGAGGATGAGTTT
GTAAAAGTACACCAATTTCCTAGAAACACTCACTATGTCTGA
>lcl|KP757892.1_cds_AKC54444.1_4 [gene=M] [locus_tag=PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp4] [protein=membrane protein] [protein_id=AKC54444.1] [location=23041..23694] [gbkey=CDS]
ATGTCTGACGCAGAAGAGTGGCAAATTATTGTTTTCATTGCGATCATATGGGCGCTTGGCGTCATCCTCC
AAGGAGGCTATGCCACGCGTAATCGTGTGATCTATGTTATTAAACTTATTCTGCTTTGGCTGCTCCAACC
CTTCACCCTAGTGGTGACCATTTGGACCGCAGTTGACAGATCATCTAAGAAGGACGCAGTTTTCATTGTG
TCCATAATTTTTGCCGTACTGACCTTCATATCCTGGGCCAAGTACTGGTATGACTCAATTCGCTTATTAA
TGAAAACCAGATCTGCATGGGCACTCTCACCTGAGAGTAGACTCCTTGCAGGGATTATGGATCCAATGGG
TACATGGAGGTGCATTCCCATCGACCACATGGCTCCAATTCTCACACCAGTCGTTAAGCATGGCAAGCTC

esearch  -db  necleotide -query  'CHN-JS-2014'  |  efetch  -format   gb     >  55.fasta                                   #下载的格式和在NCBI里的界面结果显示一样。

LOCUS       KP757892               25420 bp ss-RNA     linear   VRL 17-DEC-2015
DEFINITION  Porcine deltacoronavirus isolate CHN-JS-2014, complete genome.
ACCESSION   KP757892
VERSION     KP757892.1
KEYWORDS    .
SOURCE      Porcine deltacoronavirus
  ORGANISM  Porcine deltacoronavirus
            Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA
            stage; Nidovirales; Coronaviridae; Coronavirinae.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 25420)
  AUTHORS   Dong,N., Fang,L., Zeng,S., Sun,Q., Chen,H. and Xiao,S.
  TITLE     Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Mainland China
  JOURNAL   Emerging Infect. Dis. 21 (12), 2254-2255 (2015)
   PUBMED   26584185
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 25420)
  AUTHORS   Dong,N., Fang,L., Zeng,S., Sun,Q. and Xiao,S.
  TITLE     Direct Submission
  JOURNAL   Submitted (06-FEB-2015) State Key Laboratory of Agricultural
            Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street,
            Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
COMMENT     ##Assembly-Data-START##
            Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing
            ##Assembly-Data-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
。。。。
。。。。。
。。。。。
。。。。
 gene            22797..23048
                     /gene="E"
                     /locus_tag="PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp3"
     CDS             22797..23048
                     /gene="E"
                     /locus_tag="PDCoV-CHN-JS-2014_gp3"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="envelope protein"
                     /protein_id="AKC54443.1"
                     /translation="MVVDDWAVTIPGQYIIAILVVICIGVALLFINTCLACVKLFYKC
                     YLGAAYLVRPIIVYYSKPNPVPEDEFVKVHQFPRNTHYV"
     gene            23041..23694
                     /gene="M"
。。。。。。
。。。。。。。

 下载SRA数据的info信息

esearch  -db   sra   -query   SRP075747  |  efetch   -format  runinfo  >  runinfo.txt

Run,ReleaseDate,LoadDate,spots,bases,spots_with_mates,avgLength,size_MB,AssemblyName,download_path,Experiment,LibraryName,LibraryStrategy,LibrarySelection,LibrarySource,LibraryLayout,InsertSize,InsertDev,Platform,Model,SRAStudy,BioProject,Study_Pubmed_id,ProjectID,Sample,BioSample,SampleType,TaxID,ScientificName,SampleName,g1k_pop_code,source,g1k_analysis_group,Subject_ID,Sex,Disease,Tumor,Affection_Status,Analyte_Type,Histological_Type,Body_Site,CenterName,Submission,dbgap_study_accession,Consent,RunHash,ReadHash
SRR3589948,2016-09-09 16:27:05,2016-05-26 07:22:58,40008592,4080876384,40008592,102,1812,,https://sra-download.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/traces/sra40/SRR/003505/SRR3589948,SRX1801292,,RIP-Seq,other,TRANSCRIPTOMIC,PAIRED,0,0,ILLUMINA,Illumina HiSeq 2500,SRP075747,PRJNA323422,2,323422,SRS1468122,SAMN05178619,simple,9606,Homo sapiens,GSM2177715,,,,,,,no,,,,,GEO,SRA429358,,public,D9CB6278FA440C16D04832F947BF338F,165928A89FAE018C75463F7074DADEA8
SRR3589949,2016-09-09 16:27:05,2016-05-26 07:23:43,37825589,3858210078,37825589,102,1664,,https://sra-download.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/traces/sra40/SRR/003505/SRR3589949,SRX1801293,,RIP-Seq,other,TRANSCRIPTOMIC,PAIRED,0,0,ILLUMINA,Illumina HiSeq 2500,SRP075747,PRJNA323422,2,323422,SRS1468123,SAMN05178620,simple,9606,Homo sapiens,GSM2177716,,,,,,,no,,,,,GEO,SRA429358,,public,4C986EE070A46559AF6F8892378A6E7C,EC2FFDCD9C997BED576391FD3B19CF9E