nginx url重写 rewrite实例

本文介绍下，在nginx中实现Url重写，学习rewrite的具体用法，有需要的朋友参考下吧。

原文地址：http://www.360doc.com/content/14/0202/20/14234135_349409878.shtml

nginx 的 rewrite 语法 
语法: rewrite regex replacement flag
默认: none
作用域: server, location, if
此指令根据表达式来更改URI，或修改字符串。
指令根据配置文件中的顺序来执行。

注意：
重写表达式只对相对路径有效。如果想配对主机名，应该使用if语句。
rewrite只是会改写路径部分的东东，不会改动用户的输入参数，因此这里的if规则里面，你无需关心用户在浏览器里输入的参数，rewrite后会自动添加的，因此，只是加上了一个？号和后面我们想要的一个小小的参数 ***https=1就可以了。

nginx的rewrite规则参考：
 

~ 为区分大小写匹配
~* 为不区分大小写匹配
!~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹
-f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
-d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
-e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
-x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite，呵呵这应该是最常用的
break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri

                                                        结合QeePHP的例子：

if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;

                                                        多目录转成参数

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*).domain.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort/(d+)/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}

                                                         目录对换

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
 

                                                          例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}

                                                         目录自动加“/”

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

                                                          禁止htaccess

location ~/.ht {
deny all;
}

                                                         禁止多个目录

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}

                                                         禁止以/data开头的文件
                                                         可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}

                                                         禁止单个目录
                                                        不能禁止.log.txt能请求

location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}

                                                          禁止单个文件

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}
 

                                                        给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
                                                        这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}

location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
 

                                                         设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log   off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
 

                                                         文件反盗链并设置过期时间
                                                        这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
                                                      “rewrite ^/ http://www.jbxue.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
                                                       “access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
                                                        “expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存 

location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://www.jbxue.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log   off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}
 

                                                         只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

root  /opt/htdocs/www;
allow   208.97.167.194;
allow   222.33.1.2;
allow   231.152.49.4;
deny    all;
auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
 

                                                         将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
 

                                                        将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
                                                        如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
                                                        如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
 

                                                         上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
 

                                                         这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
                                                         如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
                                                         那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
                                                         (-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
 

                                                         知道原因后就好办了，手动跳转：

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
 

                                                         文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}
 

                                                         域名跳转

server
{
listen       80;
server_name  jump.jbxue.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.jbxue.com/;
access_log  off;
}
 

                                                         多域名转向

server_name  www.jbxue.com/  www.jbxue.com/;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ “c1gstudio.net”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.jbxue.com$1/ permanent;
}
 

                                                         三级域名跳转

if ($http_host ~* “^(.*).i.c1gstudio.com$”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.jbxue.com$1/;
break;
}
 

                                                         域名镜向

server
{
listen       80;
server_name  mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.jbxue.com/$1 last;
access_log  off;
}
 

                                                         某个子目录作镜向

location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.jbxue.com/ last;
break;
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+).html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network).html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[w-]+.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+).html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
 

                                                         给discuz某版块单独配置域名

server_name  bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;

location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news.jbxue.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.jbxue.com/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
 

                                                         discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化

location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log   off;
location ~ /(.*)_big.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}