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  • Spring-Bean生命周期

    Spring作为当前Java最流行、最强大的轻量级框架,受到了程序员的热烈欢迎。准确的了解Spring Bean的生命周期是非常必要的。我们通常使用ApplicationContext作为Spring容器。这里,我们讲的也是 ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期。而实际上BeanFactory也是差不多的,只不过处理器需要手动注册。

     转载请注明地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/zrtqsk/p/3735273.html,谢谢。

    一、生命周期流程图:

      Spring Bean的完整生命周期从创建Spring容器开始,直到最终Spring容器销毁Bean,这其中包含了一系列关键点。

     

    若容器注册了以上各种接口,程序那么将会按照以上的流程进行。下面将仔细讲解各接口作用。

    二、各种接口方法分类

    Bean的完整生命周期经历了各种方法调用,这些方法可以划分为以下几类:

    1、Bean自身的方法  :  这个包括了Bean本身调用的方法和通过配置文件中<bean>的init-method和destroy-method指定的方法

    目标方法执行前后执行后,将进行初始化或销毁。

    <bean id="" class="" init-method="初始化方法名称" destroy-method="销毁的方法名称">

    2、Bean级生命周期接口方法  :  这个包括了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这些接口的方法

    3、容器级生命周期接口方法  :  这个包括了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 和 BeanPostProcessor 这两个接口实现,一般称它们的实现类为“后处理器”。

    4、工厂后处理器接口方法  :  这个包括了AspectJWeavingEnabler, ConfigurationClassPostProcessor, CustomAutowireConfigurer等等非常有用的工厂后处理器  接口的方法。工厂后处理器也是容器级的。在应用上下文装配配置文件之后立即调用。

      

    三、演示

    我们用一个简单的Spring Bean来演示一下Spring Bean的生命周期。

    1、首先是一个简单的Spring Bean,调用Bean自身的方法和Bean级生命周期接口方法,为了方便演示,它实现了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这4个接口,同时有2个方法,对应配置文件中<bean>的init-method和destroy-method。如下:

    package springBeanTest;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
    
    /**
     * @author qsk
     */
    public class Person implements BeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware,
            InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
    
        private String name;
        private String address;
        private int phone;
    
        private BeanFactory beanFactory;
        private String beanName;
    
        public Person() {
            System.out.println("【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化");
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性name");
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getAddress() {
            return address;
        }
    
        public void setAddress(String address) {
            System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性address");
            this.address = address;
        }
    
        public int getPhone() {
            return phone;
        }
    
        public void setPhone(int phone) {
            System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性phone");
            this.phone = phone;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Person [address=" + address + ", name=" + name + ", phone="
                    + phone + "]";
        }
    
        // 这是BeanFactoryAware接口方法
        @Override
        public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory arg0) throws BeansException {
            System.out.println("【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()");
            this.beanFactory = arg0;
        }
    
        // 这是BeanNameAware接口方法
        @Override
        public void setBeanName(String arg0) {
            System.out.println("【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()");
            this.beanName = arg0;
        }
    
        // 这是InitializingBean接口方法
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()");
        }
    
        // 这是DiposibleBean接口方法
        @Override
        public void destroy() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("【DiposibleBean接口】调用DiposibleBean.destory()");
        }
    
        // 通过<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
        public void myInit() {
            System.out.println("【init-method】调用<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法");
        }
    
        // 通过<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法
        public void myDestory() {
            System.out.println("【destroy-method】调用<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法");
        }
    }

    2、接下来是演示BeanPostProcessor接口的方法,如下:

    package springBeanTest;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
    
    public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
    
        public MyBeanPostProcessor() {
            super();
            System.out.println("这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
                throws BeansException {
            System.out.println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改!");
            return arg0;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
                throws BeansException {
            System.out
            .println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改!");
            return arg0;
        }
    }

    如上,BeanPostProcessor接口包括2个方法postProcessAfterInitialization和postProcessBeforeInitialization,这两个方法的第一个参数都是要处理的Bean对象,第二个参数都是Bean的name。返回值也都是要处理的Bean对象。这里要注意。

    3、InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 接口本质是BeanPostProcessor的子接口,一般我们继承Spring为其提供的适配器类InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor Adapter来使用它,如下:

    package springBeanTest;
    
    import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter;
    
    public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends
            InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
    
        public MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor() {
            super();
            System.out.println("这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!");
        }
    
        // 接口方法、实例化Bean之前调用
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class beanClass,
                String beanName) throws BeansException {
            System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法");
            return null;
        }
    
        // 接口方法、实例化Bean之后调用
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
                throws BeansException {
            System.out
                    .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法");
            return bean;
        }
    
        // 接口方法、设置某个属性时调用
        @Override
        public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs,
                PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName)
                throws BeansException {
            System.out
                    .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法");
            return pvs;
        }
    }
    

      

    这个有3个方法,其中第二个方法postProcessAfterInitialization就是重写了BeanPostProcessor的方法。第三个方法postProcessPropertyValues用来操作属性,返回值也应该是PropertyValues对象。

    4、演示工厂后处理器接口方法,如下:

    package springBeanTest;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
    
    public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    
        public MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor() {
            super();
            System.out.println("这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory arg0)
                throws BeansException {
            System.out
                    .println("BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法");
            BeanDefinition bd = arg0.getBeanDefinition("person");
            bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("phone", "110");
        }
    
    }

    5、配置文件如下beans.xml,很简单,使用ApplicationContext,处理器不用手动注册:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">
    
        <bean id="beanPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyBeanPostProcessor">
        </bean>
    
        <bean id="instantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor">
        </bean>
    
        <bean id="beanFactoryPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor">
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="person" class="springBeanTest.Person" init-method="myInit"
            destroy-method="myDestory" scope="singleton" p:name="张三" p:address="广州"
            p:phone="15900000000" />
    
    </beans>

    6、下面测试一下:

    package springBeanTest;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class BeanLifeCycle {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            System.out.println("现在开始初始化容器");
            
            ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springBeanTest/beans.xml");
            System.out.println("容器初始化成功");    
            //得到Preson,并使用
            Person person = factory.getBean("person",Person.class);
            System.out.println(person);
            
            System.out.println("现在开始关闭容器!");
            ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)factory).registerShutdownHook();
        }
    }

    关闭容器使用的是实际是AbstractApplicationContext的钩子方法。

    我们来看一下结果:

    现在开始初始化容器
    2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
    信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@19a0c7c: startup date [Sun May 18 15:46:20 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
    2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
    信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [springBeanTest/beans.xml]
    这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
    BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法
    这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
    这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!
    2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
    信息: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@9934d4: defining beans [beanPostProcessor,instantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor,beanFactoryPostProcessor,person]; root of factory hierarchy
    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法
    【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化
    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法
    【注入属性】注入属性address
    【注入属性】注入属性name
    【注入属性】注入属性phone
    【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()
    【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()
    BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改!
    【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()
    【init-method】调用<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
    BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改!
    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法
    容器初始化成功
    Person [address=广州, name=张三, phone=110]
    现在开始关闭容器!
    【DiposibleBean接口】调用DiposibleBean.destory()
    【destroy-method】调用<bean>的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法
    
     
     
    Bean声明周期实例:
    UserService.java
    package com.zk.mySpringBean;
    
    public interface UserService {
    	public void addUser();
    	public void initUser();
    	public void destoryUser();
    }
    

    UserServiceImpl.java

    package com.zk.mySpringBean;
    
    public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    
    	@Override
    	public void addUser() {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		System.out.println("addUser");
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void initUser() {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		System.out.println("initUser");
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void destoryUser() {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		System.out.println("destoryUser");
    	}
    }
    

      

    TestDemo.java
    package com.zk.mySpringBean;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    import com.zk.mySpringBean.UserService;
    
    public class TestDemo {
    	
    	@Test
    	public void test() throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException
    	{
    		//spring工厂
    		String xmlpath="ApplicationContext.xml";
    		ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlpath);
    		UserService us=(UserService) ac.getBean("UserServiceId");
    		us.addUser();
    		
    		//容器必须close,销毁方法执行
    		ac.getClass().getMethod("close").invoke(ac);
    	}
    }
    

    ApplicationContext.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
           xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
    <!--  <bean id="UserService" class="com.zk.spring.UserService"></bean>-->
    <bean id="UserServiceId" class="com.zk.mySpringBean.UserServiceImpl" init-method="initUser" destroy-method="destoryUser">
    </bean>
    </beans>

    运行效果图:

     
    /**
    *   ————————如果觉得本博文还行,别忘了推荐一下哦,谢谢!
    *   作者:钱书康
    *   欢迎转载,请保留此段声明。
    *   出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrtqsk/ 
    */
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/longlyseul/p/10011038.html
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