Android杂谈打开文件的Intent及使用

在写文件管理系统时会用到各种打开不同格式的文件的需求，由于Android系统默认内置了一些可以打开的系统应用，但还是不能满足需求，比如打开视频文件、word等，需要安装相应的播放软件才可以使用，这时程序会通过Intent查找可以使用的软件

实现通过代码打开一个文件需要2部分，一部分是要获取到不同文件的后缀，以便根据需求匹配相应的Intent，另一个就是不同格式的文件打开的Intent不同

1、在values目录下定义后缀数组文件fileendings

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<array name="fileEndingImage">
        <item>.png</item>
        <item>.gif</item>
        <item>.jpg</item>
        <item>.jpeg</item>
        <item>.bmp</item>
    </array>
<array name="fileEndingAudio">
        <item>.mp3</item>
        <item>.wav</item>
        <item>.ogg</item>
        <item>.midi</item>
    </array>
<array name="fileEndingVideo">
        <item>.mp4</item>
        <item>.rmvb</item>
        <item>.avi</item>
        <item>.flv</item>
    </array>
<array name="fileEndingPackage">
        <item>.jar</item>
        <item>.zip</item>
        <item>.rar</item>
        <item>.gz</item>
        <item>.apk</item>
        <item>.img</item>
    </array>
<array name="fileEndingWebText">
        <item>.htm</item>
        <item>.html</item>
        <item>.php</item>
        <item>.jsp</item>
    </array>
<array name="fileEndingText">
        <item>.txt</item>
        <item>.java</item>
        <item>.c</item>
        <item>.cpp</item>
        <item>.py</item>
        <item>.xml</item>
        <item>.json</item>
        <item>.log</item>
    </array>
<array name="fileEndingWord">
    <item>.doc</item>
    <item>.docx</item>
</array>
<array name="fileEndingExcel">
    <item>.xls</item>
    <item>.xlsx</item>
</array>
<array name="fileEndingPPT">
    <item>.ppt</item>
    <item>.pptx</item>
</array>

<array name="fileEndingPdf">
    <item>.pdf</item>
</array>
</resources>

2、定义OpenFiles工具类，只需传输File参数即可，然后通过返回的Intent打开文件

public class OpenFiles {
     //android获取一个用于打开HTML文件的intent
       public static Intent getHtmlFileIntent(File file)
       {
           Uri uri = Uri.parse(file.toString()).buildUpon().encodedAuthority("com.android.htmlfileprovider").scheme("content").encodedPath(file.toString()).build();
           Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
           intent.setDataAndType(uri, "text/html");
           return intent;
       }
     //android获取一个用于打开图片文件的intent
       public static Intent getImageFileIntent(File file)
       {
           Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
           intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
           intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
           Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
           intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*");
           return intent;
       }
       //android获取一个用于打开PDF文件的intent
       public static Intent getPdfFileIntent(File file)
       {
         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/pdf");
         return intent;
       }
     //android获取一个用于打开文本文件的intent
     public static Intent getTextFileIntent(File file)
     {    
       Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
       intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
       intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
       Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
       intent.setDataAndType(uri, "text/plain");
       return intent;
     }
    
     //android获取一个用于打开音频文件的intent
       public static Intent getAudioFileIntent(File file)
       {
         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
         intent.putExtra("oneshot", 0);
         intent.putExtra("configchange", 0);
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/*");
         return intent;
       }
       //android获取一个用于打开视频文件的intent
       public static Intent getVideoFileIntent(File file)
       {
         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
         intent.putExtra("oneshot", 0);
         intent.putExtra("configchange", 0);
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "video/*");
         return intent;
       }
    
    
       //android获取一个用于打开CHM文件的intent
       public static Intent getChmFileIntent(File file)
       {
         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/x-chm");
         return intent;
       }
    
    
     //android获取一个用于打开Word文件的intent
       public static Intent getWordFileIntent(File file)
       {
         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/msword");
         return intent;
       }
     //android获取一个用于打开Excel文件的intent
       public static Intent getExcelFileIntent(File file)
       {
         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.ms-excel");
         return intent;
       }
     //android获取一个用于打开PPT文件的intent
       public static Intent getPPTFileIntent(File file)
       {
         Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");
         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
         intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
         Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
         intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint");
         return intent;
       }
       //android获取一个用于打开apk文件的intent
       public static Intent getApkFileIntent(File file)
       {
           Intent intent = new Intent();  
           intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
           intent.setAction(android.content.Intent.ACTION_VIEW);  
           intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(file),  "application/vnd.android.package-archive");  
           return intent;
       }
       
       
}

3、定义用于检查要打开的文件的后缀是否在遍历后缀数组中

    private boolean checkEndsWithInStringArray(String checkItsEnd, 
                    String[] fileEndings){
        for(String aEnd : fileEndings){
            if(checkItsEnd.endsWith(aEnd))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

4、通过调用OpenFiles类返回的Intent，打开相应的文件

if(currentPath!=null&&currentPath.isFile())
                {
                    String fileName = currentPath.toString();
                    Intent intent;
                    if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingImage))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getImageFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingWebText))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getHtmlFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPackage))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getApkFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);

                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingAudio))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getAudioFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingVideo))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getVideoFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingText))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getTextFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPdf))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getPdfFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingWord))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getWordFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingExcel))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getExcelFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else if(checkEndsWithInStringArray(fileName, getResources().
                            getStringArray(R.array.fileEndingPPT))){
                        intent = OpenFiles.getPPTFileIntent(currentPath);
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }else
                    {
                        showMessage("无法打开，请安装相应的软件！");
                    }
                }else
                {
                    showMessage("对不起，这不是文件！");
                }

效果