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  • [Leetcode] search a 2d matrix 搜索二维矩阵

    Write an efficient algorithm that searches for a value in an m x n matrix. This matrix has the following properties:

    • Integers in each row are sorted from left to right.
    • The first integer of each row is greater than the last integer of the previous row.

    For example,

    Consider the following matrix:

    [
      [1,   3,  5,  7],
      [10, 11, 16, 20],
      [23, 30, 34, 50]
    ]
    

    Given target =3, returntrue.

     题意:在一个二维矩阵中,查询一个数是否存在。数组:1)每行从左到右从下到大排好;2)行首元素大于上一行的最后一个元素;

    思路:常规思路:先遍历行找到元素所可能在的行,然后遍历列,判断是否在在该行中,时间复杂度O(n+m);二分查找版本一:是对常规思路的升级,先查找行 ,再查找列,但这时使用的查找的方法不是从头到尾的遍历,是二分查找,值得注意的是查找完行以后的返回值,时间复杂度O{logn+logm)二分查找版本二:因为矩阵数排列的特性,可以看成一个排列好的一维数组[0, n*m],可以针对整个二维矩阵进行二分查找,时间复杂还是O(log(n*m)),这里的难点是,如何将二维数组的下标和一维数组之间进行转换。

    方法一:

     1 class Solution {
     2 public:
     3     bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int> > &matrix, int target)
     4     {
     5         int row = matrix.size();
     6         int col = matrix[0].size();
     7         int subRow = 0;
     8         if (row == 0 || col == 0)    return false;
     9 
    10         //寻找行
    11         if (matrix[row - 1][0] <= target)   //最后一行,特殊处理
    12             subRow = row - 1;
    13         else
    14         {
    15             for (int i = 0; i<row - 1; ++i)
    16             {
    17 
    18                 if ((matrix[i][0] <= target) && (matrix[i + 1][0]>target))
    19                 {
    20                     subRow = i;
    21                     break;
    22                 }
    23             }
    24         }
    25 
    26         //查找列
    27         for (int j = 0; j<col; ++j)
    28         {
    29             if (matrix[subRow][j] == target)
    30                 return true;
    31         }
    32         return false;
    33     }
    34 };

    方法二:如下:

     1 // Two binary search
     2 class Solution {
     3 public:
     4     bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int> > &matrix, int target) 
     5     {
     6         int row=matrix.size();
     7         int col=matrix[0].size();
     8         if (row==0 || col==0) return false;
     9         if (target < matrix[0][0] || target > matrix[row-1][col-1]) return false;
    10 
    11         //查找行
    12         int lo = 0, hi = row - 1;
    13         while (lo <= hi) 
    14         {
    15             int mid = (lo+hi) / 2;
    16             if (matrix[mid][0] == target) 
    17                 return true;
    18             else if (matrix[mid][0] < target) 
    19                 lo = mid + 1;
    20             else 
    21                 hi = mid - 1;
    22         }
    23         int tmp = hi;       //特别注意
    24         //查找该行   
    25         lo = 0;
    26         hi = col - 1;
    27         while (lo <= hi) 
    28         {
    29             int mid = (lo+hi) / 2;
    30             if (matrix[tmp][mid] == target) 
    31                 return true;
    32             else if (matrix[tmp][mid] < target) 
    33                 lo = mid + 1;
    34             else 
    35                 hi = mid - 1;
    36         }
    37         return false;
    38     }
    39 };

    方法三:

    class Solution {
    public:
        bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int> > &matrix, int target)
        {
            int row = matrix.size();
            int col = matrix[0].size();
    
            if(row==0||col==0)  return false;
            if(matrix[0][0]>target||target>matrix[row-1][col-1])    return false;    //加与不加都行
    
            int lo=0,hi=row*col-1;
            while(lo<=hi)
            {
                int mid=(lo+hi)/2;
                int i=mid/col;
                int j=mid%col;
                if(target==matrix[i][j])
                    return true;
                else if(target>matrix[i][j])
                    lo=mid+1;
                else
                    hi=mid-1;
            }
            return false;
        }
    };
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/love-yh/p/7098369.html
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