几种常见排序算法

        public static void Run()
        {
            const int arrayCount = 10000;
            const int arraySize = 400;

            var arrList = new List<int[]>(arrayCount);
            var arrList1 = new List<int[]>(arrayCount);
            var arrList2 = new List<int[]>(arrayCount);
            var arrList3 = new List<int[]>(arrayCount);

            var watch = new Stopwatch();
            watch.Start();
            for (var i = 0; i < arrayCount; i++)
            {
                var rd = new Random();
                var arr = new int[arraySize];
                for (var j = 0; j < arraySize; j++)
                {
                    arr[j] = rd.Next(arraySize);
                }
                arrList.Add(arr);
                arrList1.Add((int[])arr.Clone());
                arrList2.Add((int[])arr.Clone());
                arrList3.Add((int[])arr.Clone());
            }
            
            watch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine($"生成测试数据，耗时：{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
            
            watch.Restart();
            foreach (var arr in arrList)
            {
                Sample01.BubbleSort(arr);
            }
            watch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine($"冒泡排序，耗时：{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");

            watch.Restart();
            foreach (var arr in arrList1)
            {
                Sample02.InsertSort(arr);
            }
            watch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine($"插入排序，耗时：{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");

            watch.Restart();
            foreach (var arr in arrList2)
            {
                Sample04.MergeSort(arr);
            }
            watch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine($"归并排序，耗时：{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
            
            watch.Restart();
            foreach (var arr in arrList3)
            {
                Sample05.QuickSort(arr);
            }
            watch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine($"快速排序，耗时：{watch.ElapsedMilliseconds}ms");
        }

1.BubbleSort

        public static void BubbleSort(int[] a) 
        {
            if (a.Length <= 1) return;

            for (var i = 0; i < a.Length; ++i) {
   
                var flag = false;
                for (var j = 0; j < a.Length - i - 1; j++) {
                    if (a[j] <= a[j + 1]) continue;
                    // 逆序度是K*3
                    var tmp = a[j];
                    a[j] = a[j+1];
                    a[j+1] = tmp;
                    flag = true;  
                }
                if (!flag) break; 
            }
        }

2.InsertSort

        public static void InsertSort(int[] a) 
        {
            if (a.Length <= 1) return;

            for (var i = 1; i < a.Length; i++) {
                var value = a[i];
                var j = i - 1;
                // 查找插入的位置
                for (; j >= 0; j--) {
                    // 比较
                    if (a[j] > value) {
                        // 移动数据
                        // K!
                        a[j+1] = a[j];  
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                // 插入
                a[j+1] = value; 
            }

        }

3.MergeSort

        public static void MergeSort(int[] a)
        {
            MergeSort(a, 0, a.Length - 1);
        }

        public static void MergeSort(int[] a, int m, int n)
        {
            //递归终止条件
            if(m>=n) return;
            // 取m到n之间的中间位置 x
            var x = (m + n) / 2;
            // 分治递归
            MergeSort(a, m, x);
            MergeSort(a, x + 1, n);
            Merge(a, m, x, n);
        }

        public static void Merge(int[] a, int m, int x, int n)
        {
            var i = m;
            var j = x+1;
            var k = 0; 

            // 申请一个大小和a[m...n]一样的临时数组
            var tmp = new int[n - m + 1];

            // 比较
            while (i<=x && j<=n) {
                if (a[i] <= a[j]) {
                    tmp[k] = a[i];
                    k++;
                    i++;
                } else {
                    tmp[k] = a[j];
                    k++;
                    j++;
                }
            }

            
            // 判断哪个子数组有剩余的数据
            var start = i;
            var end = x;
            if (j <= n) {
                start = j;
                end = n;
            }

            // 将剩余的数据拷贝到临时数组tmp
            while (start <= end) {
                tmp[k] = a[start];
                k++;
                start++;
            }

            // 将tmp中的数组拷贝回
            for (i = 0; i <= n-m; i++) {
                a[m+i] = tmp[i];
            }
        }

4.QuickSort

        public static void QuickSort(int[] a)
        {
            QuickSort(a, 0, a.Length - 1);
        }

        public static void QuickSort(int[] a, int m, int n)
        {
            if (m >= n) return;

            // 获取分区点
            var x = Partition(a, m, n);
            QuickSort(a, m, x-1);
            QuickSort(a, x+1, n);
        }

        public static int Partition(int[] a, int m, int n) {
            var pivot = a[n];
            var i = m;

            int tmp;    
            for(var j = m; j < n; j++)
            {
                if (a[j] >= pivot) continue;
                if (i == j) {
                    i++;
                } else {
                    tmp = a[i];
                    a[i] = a[j];
                        
                    a[j] = tmp;
                    i++;
                }
            }

            tmp = a[i];
            a[i] = a[n];
            a[n] = tmp;
            return i;
        }