二 .Django---framework框架 配置和序列化

一.配置参数使用

https://www.cnblogs.com/pythonywy/p/11448868.html

二.  序列化

# 注册drf app
NSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    'rest_framework',
]

https://www.cnblogs.com/heshun/p/10158695.html      DRF - 序列化组件（GET/PUT/DELETE接口设计）、视图优化组件

https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html     序列化

开发我们的Web API的第一件事是为我们的Web API提供一种将代码片段实例序列化和反序列化为诸如json之类的表示形式的方式。
我们可以通过声明与Django forms非常相似的序列化器
（serializers）来实现。
models部分:

分析源码等

    
   
 (1)Django的原生request:

          浏览器   -------------  服务器
          
          "GET url?a=1&b=2 http/1.1
user_agent:Google
contentType:urlencoded

"
          "POST url http/1.1
user_agent:Google
contentType:urlencoded

a=1&b=2"

          request.body: a=1&b=2
          request.POST:
                       if contentType:urlencoded:
                             a=1&b=2----->{"a":1,"b":2}
    
    (2)restframework 下的APIView：
    
    (3)
    class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
            name=serializers.CharField()
            email=serializers.CharField()
            
        PublishSerializers(queryset,many=true)
        PublishSerializers(model_obj)
        
        
        
    总结：
        1 reuqest类----源码
        2 restframework 下的APIView--源码
          url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books")#  View下的view
          books/一旦被访问： view(request) ------APIView: dispatch()
        
        3 def dispatch():
        
              构建request对象
              self.request=Request(request)
              self.request._request
              self.request.GET  # get
              self.request.data # POST  PUT
          
              分发----if get请求：
                    if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
                        handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
                                         self.http_method_not_allowed)
                    else:
                        handler = self.http_method_not_allowed   

                    response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
                    
                    return response                
            
        4 序列化类
            # from django.core import serializers
            # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
        
            restframework下的序列类  BookModelSerializers
                将queryset或者model对象序列成一json数据
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
           
                还可以做校验数据，json-------》queryset/model-->记录
                
                    bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
                    if bs.is_valid():
                        print(bs.validated_data)
                        bs.save() # 重写create方法
        5 操作数据：
  
            以Book表为例
                class BookView(APIView):
                    # 查看所有书籍
                    def get(self,request):
                        book_list=Book.objects.all()
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
                        return Response(bs.data)
                        
                    # 添加一本书籍    
                    def post(self,request):
                        # post请求的数据
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
                        if bs.is_valid():
                            print(bs.validated_data)
                            bs.save()# create方法
                            return Response(bs.data)
                        else:
                            return Response(bs.errors)

                class BookDetailView(APIView):
                    # 查看一本书籍
                    def get(self,request,id):

                        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
                        return Response(bs.data)
                    # 更新一本书籍
                    def put(self,request,id):
                        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
                        bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
                        if bs.is_valid():
                            bs.save()
                            return Response(bs.data)
                        else:
                            return Response(bs.errors)
                    # 删除某一本书籍
                    def delete(self,request,id):
                        Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()

                        return Response()

 

1. 序列化简单使用

model

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.IntegerField()
    # pub_date=models.DateField(auto_now=True)
    publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE)      # ForeignKey一对多
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")        # ManyToManyField  多对多
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

viwes
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers
import json
# 为queryset,mode l对象做序列化    
class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Publish
        fields="__all__"

# 这种 序列化 和 上面序列化相同  只是上面简单  一次性
# class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
#     name = serializers.CharField()
#     email = serializers.CharField()

class PublishView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        # restframework
        # 取数据
        print("request.data", request.data)
        print("request.data type", type(request.data))
        # print(request._request.GET)
        print(request.GET)
        publish_list= Publish.objects.all()
        
        # 序列化
        # 方式1：
        # publish_list=list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email"))
        # return Response(publish_list)

                          

        # 方式2：
        # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
        # temp=[]
        # for obj in publish_list:
        #     temp.append(model_to_dict(obj))
        # return HttpResponse(temp)

                                               

        # 方式3：
        # from django.core import serializers
        # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)
        # return HttpResponse(ret)
                      


        # 序列组件
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list, many=True)    #  many表示多个 model对象 queryset多个
        return Response(ps.data)
                            


    print("########################################################################")

    def post(self, request):
        # 取数据
        # 原生request支持的操作
        print("POST",request.POST)
        print("body",request.body)
        # print(request)
        print(type(request))
        from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
         # 新的request支持的操作
        print("request.data",request.data)
        print("request.data type",type(request.data))


        # post请求的数据
        ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data)
        if ps.is_valid():
            print(ps.validated_data)
            ps.save()  # create方法
            return Response(ps.data)
        else:
            return Response(ps.errors)

            

GET     打印
request.data {}
request.data type <class 'dict'>
<QueryDict: {}> 这是============get哈哈哈


PSOST   打印  
POST <QueryDict: {}> 这是post-------------哈哈哈
body b'' 原数据
<class 'rest_framework.request.Request'>
request.data {}
request.data type <class 'dict'>

url

   url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(),name="publish"), #  View:view(request)=====APIView:dispatch()

 

2. ModelSerializer(get put  del)

retrieve   get/id/

update   put/id/

destroy   delect/id/

list  get

partial_update   patch

create   post

----book表增删改查
/books/ -----get books ----- 返回当前所有数据
/books/ -----post books ----- 返回提交数据

/books/(d+)-----get bookdetail ----- 返回当前查看的单条数据
/books/(d+)-----put bookdetail ----- 返回更新数据
/books/(d+)-----delete bookdetail ----- 返回空

class Books(View):
def get(self,request):
     pass # 查看所有书籍

def post(self,request)：
    pass # 添加书籍


class BooksDetail(View):
def get(self,request,id):
        pass # 查看具体书籍

def put(self,request,id):
      pass # 更新某本书籍

def delete(self,request,id)：
      pass # 删除某本书籍

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.IntegerField()
    # pub_date=models.DateField(auto_now=True)
    publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish",on_delete=models.CASCADE)      # ForeignKey一对多
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")        # ManyToManyField  多对多
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers
import json
def aa(request):
    return HttpResponse("欢迎啊哈哈哈哈")


# 为queryset,mode l对象做序列化    
class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Publish
        fields="__all__"



class PublishDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)
        return Response(ps.data)



    def put(self, request, pk):
        publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish, data=request.data)
        if ps.is_valid():
            ps.save()
            return Response(ps.data)
        else:
            return Response(ps.errors)



    def delete(self, request, pk):
        Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response()

      

url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="detailpublish"), #  View:view(request)=====APIView:dispatch()

 

4. 重写save中的create方法

model 类和上面一样

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers
import json
def aa(request):
    return HttpResponse("欢迎啊哈哈哈哈")


class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = "__all__"

    # #publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk")
    # publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
    #         view_name="detailpublish",
    #         lookup_field="publish_id",
    #         lookup_url_kwarg="pk"
    # )

class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})    #  many表示多个 model对象 queryset多个
        return Response(bs.data)
    def post(self,request):
        # post请求的数据
        bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()# create方法
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)

      

  url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(), name="books"),

 

5. 单条数据的get和put请求

model类 和 上面一样

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers
import json
def aa(request):
    return HttpResponse("欢迎啊哈哈哈哈")



class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = "__all__"


class BookDetailView(APIView):

    def get(self,request,id):

        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
        bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)

    def put(self,request,id):
        book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
        bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return Response(bs.errors)

    def delete(self,request,id):
        Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
        return Response()

    url(r'^books/(d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(), name="detailbook"),