python Linux 环境 （版本隔离工具）
首先新建用户，养成良好习惯useradd python
1、安装pyenv
GitHub官网：https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer
pyenv installer
This tool installs pyenv and friends. It is inspired by rbenv-installer.
Prerequisites
In general, compiling your own Python interpreter requires the installation of the appropriate libraries and packages. The installation wiki provides a list of these for common operating systems.
Install:
$ curl https://pyenv.run | bash
pyenv.run redirects to the install script in this repository and the invocation above is equivalent to:
$ curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
Restart your shell so the path changes take effect:
You can now begin using pyenv.
Update:
$ pyenv update
Uninstall: pyenv is installed within $PYENV_ROOT (default: ~/.pyenv). To uninstall, just remove it:
$ rm -fr ~/.pyenv
and remove these three lines from .bashrc:
export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
If you need, export USE_GIT_URI to use git:// instead of https:// for git clone.
Travis itself uses pyenv and therefore PYENV_ROOT is set already. To make it work anyway the installation for pyenv-installer needs to look like this:
[...]
- unset PYENV_ROOT
- curl -L https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer/raw/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash
- export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
- pyenv install 3.5.2
The project on github contains a setup for vagrant to test the installer inside a vagrant managed virtual image.
If you don't know vagrant yet: just install the latest package, open a shell in this project directory and say
$ vagrant up
$ vagrant ssh
Now you are inside the vagrant container and your prompt should like something like vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64:~$
The project (this repository) is mapped into the vagrant image at /vagrant
$ cd /vagrant
$ python setup.py install
$ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo 'eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bashrc
Pyenv should be installed and responding now.
20190111
-
Remove experimental PyPi support and replace with a dummy package.
-
Initial release on PyPi.
-
Initial public release.
MIT - see License file.
2、安装python
查看python可用版本
pyenv install -l
在线安装
[python@zhangyi-centos7 ~]$ pyenv install 3.5.4
Downloading Python-3.5.4.tar.xz...-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.4/Python-3.5.4.tar.xz
离线安装
到官网下载 对应版本源码
https://www.python.org/downloads/source/
两个包都下载好
Python-x.x.x.tar.xz
Python-x.x.x.tgz
放入用户目录下的~/.pyenv/cache文件夹
新建文件夹
makedir -r ~/.pyenv/cache
3、3.7版本依赖问题:
3.7版本需要一个新的包libffi-devel，安装此包之后再次进行编译安装即可。
#yum install libffi-devel -y
#make install
若在安装前移除了/usr/bin下python的文件链接依赖，此时yum无法正常使用，需要自己下载相关软件包安装，为节省读者时间，放上链接
#wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libffi-devel-3.0.13-18.el7.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -ivh libffi-devel-3.0.13-18.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装完成后重新进行make install，结束后再次配置相关文件的软连接即可。
4、使用 pyenv 进行版本隔离
查看已安装的python版本
5、把用户目录下的环境设置成新安装的python版本
pyenv local 3.7.4
6、增加虚拟环境
增加名为zhangyi的虚拟环境
pyenv virtualenv zhangyi
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查看虚拟环境
7、安装ipython
切换pip源
参考博客：https://blog.csdn.net/u011220960/article/details/81512435
Linux系统：
mkdir ~/.pip
cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
[global]trusted-host=[mirrors.aliyun.com](http://mirrors.aliyun.com/)index-url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
EOF
pip install ipython
8、安装jupyter
pip install jupyter
启动jupyter初始化密码
jupyter notebook passwd
指定jupyter 启动绑定的ip
jupyter notebook --ip=0.0.0.0
浏览器访问jupyter
9、Python 虚拟环境包导出
导出包配置文件
pip freeze > requirement
导入包配置文件
pip -r requirement