k8s搭建部署

1.服务器虚拟机准备(虚拟机要能上网)

                           192.168.1.11   cpu >=2c   Mem >=2G  hostname master  /dev/vda1 50G

                            192.168.1.12   cpu >=2c   Mem >=2G  hostname node    /dev/vda1 50G

2.软件版本

      系统类型         Kubernetes版本  docker版本  kubeadm版本  kubectl版本  kubelet版本

    CentOS7.5.1804     v1.13           18.06.1-ce        v1.13             v1.13        v1.13         

  

3.环境初始化操作

　　1.配置hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname master
hostnamectl set-hostname node

　　

　　2.配置/etc/hosts（所有节点都要执行）

127.0.0.1        localhost localhost.localdomain
localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1              localhost localhost.localdomain
localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6    


192.168.1.11     master
192.168.1.12     node
      

　　3.关闭防火墙、Selinux、swap

# 停防火墙
systemctl stop  firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld


关闭Selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
sed -i "s/^SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config


# 关闭Swap
swapoff -a
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

# 加载br_netfilter
modprobe br_netfilter

　　4.配置内核参数  /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

EOF

# 生效文件
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 

　　

　　5.修改Linux 资源配置文件,调高ulimit最大打开数和systemctl管理的服务文件最大打开数 

echo "* soft nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft nproc 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nproc 655360" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "DefaultLimitNOFILE=1024000" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf
echo "DefaultLimitNPROC=1024000" >> /etc/systemd/system.conf

　　6.配置国内tencent yum源、epel源、Kubernetes源地址

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-7.repo

yum clean all && yum makecache

#配置国内Kubernetes源地址
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

 　　

　　8.安装依赖包

yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp bash-completion
yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 net-tools conntrack-tools vim libtool-ltdl

　　9.配置时间同步，所有节点都需要

yum install chrony –y
systemctl enable chronyd.service && systemctl start chronyd.service 
systemctl status chronyd.service
chronyc sources
#物理机上写有时间服务器或者网络同步时间

      10.配置节点间ssh互信

 配置ssh互信,那么节点之间就能无密访问,方便日后执行自动化部署

  ssh-keygen 

   ssh-copy-id node  # 到master上拷贝公钥到其他节点,这里需要输入 yes和密码

　　11.初始化环境配置检查

　　　　- 重启,做完以上所有操作,最好reboot重启一遍

　　　　- ping 每个节点hostname 看是否能ping通
　　　　- ssh 对方hostname看互信是否无密码访问成功
　　　　- 执行date命令查看每个节点时间是否正确
　　　　- 执行 ulimit -Hn 看下最大文件打开数是否是655360
　　　　- cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux |grep disabled 查看下每个节点selinux是否都是disabled状态

安装docker ,所有节点都需要装

　1.设置docker yum源

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo （如果node节点不能设置，直接从master复制到节点）

　　2.安装docker

# 列出docker 版本信息
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

#  安装docker 指定18.06.1
yum install -y docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
systemctl restart docker 

# 配置镜像加速器和docker数据存放路径  （这步node可以不写）
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://q2hy3fzi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"graph": "/tol/docker-data"
}
EOF

　　

　　3.启动docker 

systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl status docker

# docker --version

　　安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl，所有节点

　　• kubeadm: 部署集群用的命令
　　• kubelet: 在集群中每台机器上都要运行的组件,负责管理pod、容器的生命周期
　　• kubectl: 集群管理工具

　　安装工具

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

镜像下载准备

　　1.初始化获取要下载的镜像列表

# 查看依赖需要安装的镜像列表
kubeadm config images list


# 生成默认kubeadm.conf文件
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.conf

　　

　　2.绕过墙下载镜像的方法

sed -i "s/imageRepository: .*/imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/g" kubeadm.conf

　　

　　3.指定kubeadm安装的Kubernetes版本

sed -i "s/kubernetesVersion: .*/kubernetesVersion: v1.13.0/g" kubeadm.conf

　　

　　4.下载需要的镜像

kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.conf

docker images

　　

　　5.docker tag 镜像

docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.2.24 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.2.6 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6

　　

　　6.docker rmi 清理下载的镜像

docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.2.24
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.2.6

部署master节点

　　1.kubeadm init 初始化master节点

# 定义POD的网段为: 172.22.0.0/16 ,api server地址就是master本机IP地址
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.13.0 --pod-network-cidr=172.22.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.11
ls /etc/kubernetes/
这个我们记录下,到时候添加node的时候要用到。
# kubeadm reset （初始化，如果没有记录之前的序列号）
# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.13.0 --pod-network-cidr=172.22.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.11

#  记录下面的信息
kubeadm join 192.168.1.11:6443 --token iazwtj.v3ajyq9kyqftg3et --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:27aaefd2afc4e75fd34c31365abd3a7357bb4bba7552056bb4a9695fcde14ef5

　　　　

　　2.验证测试

# 配置kubectl命令
mkdir -p /root/.kube
cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /root/.kube/config

# 执行获取pods列表命令,查看相关状态
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml　　

#kube-system   coredns-86c58d9df4-jf29m                1/1     Running  不是running 出错的时候要下载这个flannel.yml

# 查看集群的健康状态 kubectl get cs

部署calico网络

　　1.下载calico 官方镜像

docker pull calico/node:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/typha:v3.1.4

　　2.tag 这三个calico镜像

docker tag calico/node:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/node:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/cni:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/typha:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/typha:v3.1.4

　　3.删除原有镜像

docker rmi calico/node:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/typha:v3.1.4

　　4.部署calico

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/rbac-kdd.yaml -O

kubectl apply -f rbac-kdd.yaml


curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.1/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubernetes-datastore/policy-only/1.7/calico.yaml -O


#把ConfigMap 下的 typha_service_name 值由none变成 calico-typha
sed -i 's/typha_service_name: "none"/typha_service_name: "calico-typha"/g' calico.yaml
 

#设置 Deployment 类目的 spec 下的replicas值为1

sed -i 's/replicas: 0/replicas: 1/g' calico.yaml

#找到CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR,然后值修改成之前定义好的POD网段,我这里是172.22.0.0/16

 sed -i 's/192.168.0.0/172.22.0.0/g' calico.yaml

 
#把 CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND 值设置为 bird ,这个值是设置BGP网络后端模式

sed -i '/name: CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND/{n;s/value: "none"/value: "bird"/;}' calico.yaml

部署calico.yaml文件
上面参数设置调优完毕,我们执行下面命令彻底部署calico
 kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

　　5.部署calico.yaml

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml　　
#kube-system   coredns-86c58d9df4-jf29m                1/1     Running 出错的时候要下载这个flannel.yml
#前面写了就不用再输入

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

部署node节点

　　1.下载镜像

　　

docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker pull calico/node:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker pull calico/typha:v3.1.4
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag calico/node:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/node:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/cni:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker tag calico/typha:v3.1.4 quay.io/calico/typha:v3.1.4
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker rmi registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1
docker rmi calico/node:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/cni:v3.1.4
docker rmi calico/typha:v3.1.4

　　2.把node加入到集群

kubeadm join 192.168.1.11:6443 --token iazwtj.v3ajyq9kyqftg3et --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:27aaefd2afc4e75fd34c31365abd3a7357bb4bba7552056bb4a9695fcde14ef5

　　3.在master上查看

        kubectl get nodes

部署dashboard

　　　1. 生成私钥和证书签名请求　

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/certs
cd /etc/kubernetes/certs
openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out dashboard.pass.key 2048
openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in dashboard.pass.key -out dashboard.key
# 删除刚才生成的dashboard.pass.key
rm -rf dashboard.pass.key

openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr

# 生成SSL证书
openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in dashboard.csr -signkey dashboard.key -out dashboard.crt
# 创建secret

　　

　　2.创建secret

kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/kubernetes/certs -n kube-system

　　

　　3.下载dashboard镜像、tag镜像(在全部节点上)

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernete/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernete/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard:v1.10.0

docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kubernete/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.0

　　

　　4.下载 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 部署文件(在master上执行)　

#apiVersion: v1
#kind: Secret
#metadata:
#  labels:
#    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
#  namespace: kube-system
#type: Opaque
#---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["create"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  verbs: ["create"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard:v1.10.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8443
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          - --auto-generate-certificates
        volumeMounts:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          mountPath: /certs
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-volume
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTPS
            path: /
            port: 8443
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        secret:
          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30005
  type : NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

　　 #注意路径在/root下 自己创建kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

　　5 创建dashboard的pod

kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

#如果有错，就用

kubectl delete -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
再检查

　　6.查看服务器运行状态

kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
kubectl --namespace kube-system get pods -o wide
kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
netstat -ntlp|grep 30005

　　

　　7. Dashboard BUG处理

       vim kube-dashboard-access.yaml 

         #代码如下

       执行让kube-dashboard-access.yaml 生效

　　kubectl create -f kube-dashboard-access.yaml

       最后用https://192.168.1.11:30005访问

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---